ENT Department, University Hospital of Patras, Greece.
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2010 Nov;14(11):987-92.
Mucormycoses are a group of invasive infections caused by filamentous fungi of the Mucoraceae family, with the rhinocerebral form of the disease being the most common in large case series. In the present paper we review the characteristics of the rhinocerebral form of the disease.
The present review is based on the analysis of the current literature on rhinocerebral mucormycosis.
Rhinocerebral mucormycosis is associated with immunocompromised patient state, haemochromatosis, desferrioxamine therapy and prolonged corticosteroid therapy. Uncontrolled diabetes and increased serum iron are regarded as the two leading predisposing factors for the development of the disease. Currently, treatment for the disease is based on three main principles; rapid reversal of underlying predisposing factors, antifungal therapy with amphotericin B and timely surgical intervention.
Antifungal drugs of the azole group and new iron chelating agents--deferasirox, deferiprone--have been supported as alternative options to amphotericin B or as salvage therapy.
Rhinocerebral mucormycosis requires a high level of awareness if early diagnosis and treatment is to be achieved. Large scale evaluation of arising treatment options is a mandatory course of action in the future research of the disease.
毛霉病是一组由毛霉科丝状真菌引起的侵袭性感染，在大型病例系列中，最常见的是鼻-脑形式的疾病。在本文中，我们回顾了鼻-脑形式的疾病特征。
本综述基于对鼻-脑毛霉病当前文献的分析。
鼻-脑毛霉病与免疫功能低下的患者状态、血色素沉着症、地拉罗司治疗和长期皮质类固醇治疗有关。未控制的糖尿病和血清铁增加被认为是导致疾病发生的两个主要易感因素。目前，该疾病的治疗基于三个主要原则：迅速纠正潜在的诱发因素、用两性霉素 B 进行抗真菌治疗以及及时进行手术干预。
唑类抗真菌药物和新型铁螯合剂——地拉罗司、去铁酮——已被支持作为两性霉素 B 的替代选择或作为挽救治疗。
如果要实现早期诊断和治疗，就需要高度重视鼻-脑毛霉病。未来对该疾病的研究必须对新兴治疗方案进行大规模评估。
