Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A.
J Fish Biol. 2011 Feb;78(2):395-435. doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02874.x.
This review examines the contribution of research on fishes to the growing field of behavioural syndromes. Current knowledge of behavioural syndromes in fishes is reviewed with respect to five main axes of animal personality: (1) shyness-boldness, (2) exploration-avoidance, (3) activity, (4) aggressiveness and (5) sociability. Compared with other taxa, research on fishes has played a leading role in describing the shy-bold personality axis and has made innovative contributions to the study of the sociability dimension by incorporating social network theory. Fishes are virtually the only major taxon in which behavioural correlations have been compared between populations. This research has guided the field in examining how variation in selection regime may shape personality. Recent research on fishes has also made important strides in understanding genetic and neuroendocrine bases for behavioural syndromes using approaches involving artificial selection, genetic mapping, candidate gene and functional genomics. This work has illustrated consistent individual variation in highly complex neuroendocrine and gene expression pathways. In contrast, relatively little work on fishes has examined the ontogenetic stability of behavioural syndromes or their fitness consequences. Finally, adopting a behavioural syndrome framework in fisheries management issues including artificial propagation, habitat restoration and invasive species, may promote restoration success. Few studies, however, have examined the ecological relevance of behavioural syndromes in the field. Knowledge of how behavioural syndromes play out in the wild will be crucial to incorporating such a framework into management practices.
本综述探讨了鱼类研究对行为综合征这一日益发展的领域的贡献。本文回顾了鱼类行为综合征的五个主要方面：（1）害羞-大胆，（2）探索-回避，（3）活动，（4）攻击性和（5）社交性。与其他分类群相比，鱼类研究在描述害羞-大胆的人格轴方面发挥了主导作用，并通过整合社会网络理论，为社交性维度的研究做出了创新性贡献。鱼类几乎是唯一一种在种群之间比较行为相关性的主要分类群。这项研究引导了该领域研究如何通过选择制度的变化来塑造人格。最近关于鱼类的研究还通过涉及人工选择、遗传图谱、候选基因和功能基因组学的方法，在理解行为综合征的遗传和神经内分泌基础方面取得了重要进展。这项工作说明了高度复杂的神经内分泌和基因表达途径中存在一致的个体变异。相比之下，关于鱼类的研究相对较少关注行为综合征的个体发育稳定性及其对适应性的影响。最后，在渔业管理问题中采用行为综合征框架，包括人工繁殖、栖息地恢复和入侵物种，可能会促进恢复的成功。然而，很少有研究在野外检验行为综合征的生态相关性。了解行为综合征在野外的表现将是将这种框架纳入管理实践的关键。
