Buenhombre Jhon, Daza-Cardona Erika Alexandra, Mota-Rojas Daniel, Domínguez-Oliva Adriana, Rivera Astrid, Medrano-Galarza Catalina, de Tarso Paulo, Cajiao-Pachón María Nelly, Vargas Francisco, Pedraza-Toscano Adriana, Sousa Pêssi
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agrarian Science, Animal Welfare Program, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia.
ICB Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil.
Personal Neurosci. 2024 Jan 31;7:e3. doi: 10.1017/pen.2023.14. eCollection 2024.
Like other animals, fish have unique personalities that can affect their cognition and responses to environmental stressors. These individual personality differences are often referred to as "behavioural syndromes" or "stress coping styles" and can include personality traits such as boldness, shyness, aggression, exploration, locomotor activity, and sociability. For example, bolder or proactive fish may be more likely to take risks and present lower hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal/interrenal axis reactivity as compared to shy or reactive individuals. Likewise, learning and memory differ between fish personalities. Reactive or shy individuals tend to have faster learning and better association recall with aversive stimuli, while proactive or bold individuals tend to learn more quickly when presented with appetitive incentives. However, the influence of personality on cognitive processes other than cognitive achievement in fish has been scarcely explored. Cognitive bias tests have been employed to investigate the interplay between emotion and cognition in both humans and animals. Fish present cognitive bias processes (CBP) in which fish's interpretation of stimuli could be influenced by its current emotional state and open to environmental modulation. However, no study in fish has explored whether CBP, like in other species, can be interpreted as long-lasting traits and whether other individual characteristics may explain its variation. We hold the perspective that CBP could serve as a vulnerability factor for the onset, persistence, and recurrence of stress-related disorders. Therefore, studying fish's CBP as a state or trait and its interactions with individual variations may be valuable in future efforts to enhance our understanding of anxiety and stress neurobiology in animal models and humans.
与其他动物一样，鱼类具有独特的个性，这些个性会影响它们的认知以及对环境应激源的反应。这些个体性格差异通常被称为“行为综合征”或“应激应对方式”，可能包括勇敢、害羞、攻击性、探索、运动活动和社交性等个性特征。例如，相比害羞或反应性强的个体，更大胆或更主动的鱼类可能更倾向于冒险，并且下丘脑 - 垂体 - 肾上腺/肾间组织轴反应性更低。同样，鱼类的个性在学习和记忆方面也存在差异。反应性或害羞的个体往往学习速度更快，对厌恶刺激的联想记忆更好，而主动或大胆的个体在面对奖励性刺激时往往学习得更快。然而，个性对鱼类认知成就以外的认知过程的影响几乎未被探索。认知偏差测试已被用于研究人类和动物情绪与认知之间的相互作用。鱼类存在认知偏差过程（CBP），在这个过程中，鱼类对刺激的解读可能会受到其当前情绪状态的影响，并容易受到环境调节。然而，在鱼类中，尚无研究探讨CBP是否像在其他物种中一样可以被解释为持久的特征，以及其他个体特征是否可以解释其变异性。我们认为CBP可能是应激相关障碍发生、持续和复发的一个易感性因素。因此，将鱼类的CBP作为一种状态或特征进行研究，以及研究其与个体差异的相互作用，可能对我们未来加深对动物模型和人类焦虑与应激神经生物学的理解具有重要价值。
