Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 8308-114 St, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2V2, Canada.
Proc Nutr Soc. 2011 May;70(2):232-51. doi: 10.1017/S0029665110004775. Epub 2011 Feb 1.
In nutritional epidemiology, development of valid dietary assessment instruments specific to populations in diverse settings is of paramount importance. Such instruments are essential when trying to characterise dietary patterns and intake, investigate diet-disease associations, inform and evaluate nutrition interventions, assess nutrient-gene interactions, conduct cross-country comparison studies and monitor nutrition transitions. The FFQ is a relatively inexpensive tool for measuring long-term dietary intake for large populations and for allowing researchers to track dietary changes over time. However, FFQ must be population specific to capture the local diet and available foods. Collecting 24-h dietary recalls and utilising community feedback to build the FFQ ensures that a culturally appropriate instrument is developed. This article presents several examples describing FFQ development and utilisation in different settings globally. In the Canadian Arctic, FFQ were developed and utilised to inform and evaluate a community-based intervention programme, characterise the diet and track dietary changes occurring among Inuit and Inuvialuit, populations experiencing rising rates of chronic disease and likely to be extremely vulnerable to the potential effects of climate change. Another example is an FFQ developed to assess sodium intake and evaluate a sodium reduction trial in a high-risk population in Barbados. An example is provided from Brazil, where an FFQ was developed to assess associations between diet, heterocyclic aromatic amines and colorectal adenoma among Japanese Brazilians and to conduct cross-country comparisons. These and other case studies highlight the diversity in dietary intake between populations and the need for FFQ to be developed to capture this diversity.
在营养流行病学中，开发特定于不同环境人群的有效饮食评估工具至关重要。当试图描述饮食模式和摄入量、研究饮食与疾病的关系、为营养干预措施提供信息和评估、评估营养素-基因相互作用、进行跨国比较研究以及监测营养转型时，这些工具是必不可少的。FFQ 是一种相对廉价的工具，可用于测量大量人群的长期饮食摄入量，并允许研究人员跟踪随时间的饮食变化。然而，FFQ 必须针对特定人群，以捕捉当地饮食和可用食物。收集 24 小时饮食回忆并利用社区反馈来构建 FFQ 可确保开发出一种文化上合适的工具。本文介绍了在全球不同环境中描述 FFQ 开发和利用的几个示例。在加拿大北极地区，开发和利用 FFQ 为基于社区的干预计划提供信息和评估，描述饮食并跟踪因纽特人和因努伊特人饮食变化，这些人群慢性疾病发病率上升，极有可能受到气候变化潜在影响的影响。另一个例子是开发用于评估巴巴多斯高危人群钠摄入量和评估钠减少试验的 FFQ。本文提供了一个来自巴西的示例，其中开发了一个 FFQ 来评估饮食、杂环芳香胺与日裔巴西人结直肠腺瘤之间的关联，并进行跨国比较。这些和其他案例研究强调了人群之间饮食摄入的多样性，以及需要开发 FFQ 来捕捉这种多样性。
