Kolahdooz Fariba, Butler Lauren, Lupu Madalina, Sheehy Tony, Corriveau Andre, Sharma Sangita
a Aboriginal and Global Health Research Group, Department of Medicine , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta , CANADA.
J Am Coll Nutr. 2014;33(2):147-54. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2013.874890.
Inuvialuit in Arctic Canada are experiencing a nutritional and lifestyle transition, characterized by a declining consumption of traditional foods, increased consumption of non-nutrient-dense store-bought foods (NNDF), and reduced levels of physical activity with a concurrent rise in chronic diseases. The aim of the present study was to determine dietary intake of Inuvialuit adults in the Northwest Territories, Canada, using a culturally specific, validated quantitative food frequency questionnaire (QFFQ).
A cross-sectional dietary survey of 213 randomly selected adults (≥19 years) was conducted in 3 remote communities in the Northwest Territories. Nonparametric analysis was used to compare mean nutrient intake, dietary inadequacy, and differences in nutrient density among men and women. Data were also analyzed to determine the top food groups contributing to energy and selected nutrients.
With response rates of 65% to 85%, 43 men (mean age 43.2 ± 12.8) and 170 women (mean age 44.7 ± 13.9) completed the QFFQ. Mean daily energy intakes for men were 3478 ± 1474 kcal and for women they were 3299 ± 1653 kcal. For both sexes, protein, carbohydrates, and fat provided approximately 16%, 47%, and 28% of energy intake, respectively. NNDFs were the top contributors to energy (39%), fat (40%), carbohydrate (54%), sugar (74%), and sodium (23%) intake. Total traditional foods from the land, sea, and sky such as polar bear and wild birds contributed 11% of energy and 41% of protein intake. Most participants' daily intakes were below recommended levels for dietary fiber; vitamins A, E, and D; potassium; and magnesium. Mean daily energy, saturated fat, and sodium intakes exceeded recommendations.
We identified nutrient inadequacies and characterized food consumption among Inuvialuit. These data support nutritional interventions that encourage consumption of traditional foods. The cultural and ethnic differences in Canadian Arctic populations require specific tailoring of public health interventions and policy using population specific tools to meet local needs.
加拿大北极地区的因纽维亚特人正经历营养和生活方式的转变，其特点是传统食物的消费量下降、非营养密集型的商店购买食品（NNDF）消费量增加、身体活动水平降低，同时慢性病发病率上升。本研究的目的是使用经过文化验证的定量食物频率问卷（QFFQ）来确定加拿大西北地区因纽维亚特成年人的饮食摄入量。
在西北地区的3个偏远社区对213名随机选择的成年人（≥19岁）进行了横断面饮食调查。采用非参数分析来比较男性和女性的平均营养素摄入量、饮食不足情况以及营养素密度差异。还对数据进行了分析，以确定对能量和选定营养素贡献最大的食物类别。
回复率为65%至85%，43名男性（平均年龄43.2±12.8岁）和170名女性（平均年龄44.7±13.9岁）完成了QFFQ。男性的平均每日能量摄入量为3478±1474千卡，女性为3299±1653千卡。对于两性而言，蛋白质、碳水化合物和脂肪分别提供了约16%、47%和28%的能量摄入量。NNDF是能量（39%）、脂肪（40%）、碳水化合物（54%）、糖（74%）和钠（23%）摄入量的最大贡献者。来自陆地、海洋和天空的传统食物，如北极熊和野生鸟类，贡献了11%的能量和41%的蛋白质摄入量。大多数参与者的膳食纤维、维生素A、E和D、钾和镁的每日摄入量低于推荐水平。平均每日能量、饱和脂肪和钠摄入量超过了推荐值。
我们确定了因纽维亚特人的营养素不足情况，并描述了他们的食物消费特征。这些数据支持鼓励食用传统食物营养干预措施。加拿大北极地区人口的文化和种族差异需要使用针对特定人群的工具来量身定制公共卫生干预措施和政策，以满足当地需求。
