Liptak Gregory S, Kennedy Jenny A, Dosa Nienke P
From SUNY Upstate Medical Center, Golisano Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Syracuse, NY.
J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2011 May;32(4):277-83. doi: 10.1097/DBP.0b013e31820b49fc.
To describe social participation and identify factors that affect it in a nationally representative sample of adolescents and young adults with autism.
Longitudinal cohort study using data from the National Longitudinal Transition Study-2. The World Health Organization International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health model was used with participation as the dependent category.
A nationally representative sample of 725 youth with autism representing a weighted sample of 21,010 individuals was followed up for 4 years. The mean age at first interview was 15.4 years and 19.2 years at follow-up. More than half the youth at follow-up had not gotten together with friends in the previous year and 64% had not talked on the phone with a friend. Being employed or in secondary education was associated with the following factors (odds ratios): problems conversing (0.67), being teased (0.17), mental retardation (0.06), being above the poverty level (4.17), not using prescription medicine (4.11), general health status (2.30), and parental involvement with school (1.69) (all p < .001).
Many adolescents and young adults with autism become increasingly isolated. Although each aspect of social participation had its own distinct pattern of factors related to it, the ability to communicate effectively, less severe autism, coming from an environment that was not impoverished and having parents who advocated were associated with more positive outcomes. These data provide insights into the factors that affect the participation of youth with autism during their transition years and should ultimately lead to interventions that could improve those transitions.
在全国具有代表性的自闭症青少年和青年样本中描述社会参与情况，并确定影响社会参与的因素。
采用来自全国纵向过渡研究-2的数据进行纵向队列研究。使用世界卫生组织国际功能、残疾和健康分类模型，将参与作为因变量类别。
对全国具有代表性的725名自闭症青年样本（加权样本为21,010人）进行了4年的随访。首次访谈时的平均年龄为15.4岁，随访时为19.2岁。随访时超过一半的青年在前一年没有与朋友相聚，64%的青年没有与朋友通过电话交谈。就业或接受中等教育与以下因素相关（优势比）：交谈困难（0.67）、被取笑（0.17）、智力障碍（0.06）、高于贫困线（4.17）、未使用处方药（4.11）、总体健康状况（2.30）以及父母参与学校事务（1.69）（所有p<0.001）。
许多自闭症青少年和青年变得越来越孤立。虽然社会参与的每个方面都有其各自独特的相关因素模式，但有效沟通的能力、自闭症症状较轻、来自非贫困环境以及有积极倡导的父母与更积极的结果相关。这些数据为影响自闭症青年过渡阶段参与情况的因素提供了见解，并最终应能促成改善这些过渡阶段的干预措施。
