Vurbic Drina, Bouton Mark E
Department of Psychology, University of Vermont, 2 Colchester Ave., Burlington, VT 05401-0134, USA.
Learn Behav. 2011 Sep;39(3):202-11. doi: 10.3758/s13420-011-0017-7.
Pavlov (1927/1960) reported that following the conditioning of several stimuli, extinction of one conditioned stimulus (CS) attenuated responding to others that had not undergone direct extinction. However, this secondary extinction effect has not been widely replicated in the contemporary literature. In three conditioned suppression experiments with rats, we further explored the phenomenon. In Experiment 1, we asked whether secondary extinction is more likely to occur with target CSs that have themselves undergone some prior extinction. A robust secondary extinction effect was obtained with a nonextinguished target CS. Experiment 2 showed that extinction of one CS was sufficient to reduce renewal of a second CS when it was tested in a neutral (nonextinction) context. In Experiment 3, secondary extinction was observed in groups that initially received intermixed conditioning trials with the target and nontarget CSs, but not in groups that received conditioning of the two CSs in separate sessions. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that CSs must be associated with a common temporal context during conditioning for secondary extinction to occur.
巴甫洛夫（1927/1960）报告称，在对多种刺激进行条件作用后，对一种条件刺激（CS）的消退会减弱对其他未经历直接消退的条件刺激的反应。然而，这种二级消退效应在当代文献中并未得到广泛重复验证。在对大鼠进行的三项条件性抑制实验中，我们进一步探究了这一现象。在实验1中，我们询问二级消退是否更有可能发生在自身已经历过某种先前消退的目标条件刺激上。对于未消退的目标条件刺激，我们获得了显著的二级消退效应。实验2表明，当在中性（非消退）情境中对第二个条件刺激进行测试时，对一个条件刺激的消退足以减少其恢复。在实验3中，最初对目标条件刺激和非目标条件刺激进行混合条件作用试验的组中观察到了二级消退，但在分别对两个条件刺激进行条件作用的组中未观察到。这些结果与以下假设一致，即条件刺激在条件作用期间必须与共同的时间背景相关联，二级消退才会发生。
