Department of Psychology, Wesleyan University, 06457, Middletown, Connecticut.
Mem Cognit. 1976 Nov;4(6):759-62. doi: 10.3758/BF03213245.
Studies of character classification have shown that reaction time is reduced when the probe is the same as the last-rehearsed target item. If rehearsal functions as a generative process to reduce response time by stimulus activation, comparable results should be obtained if the task is changed from probe classification to probe naming. A letter identification baseline was obtained in Session 1 where subjects named single probe letters as quickly as possible. In Sessions 2 and 3, each probe letter was preceded by a target of three to five letters, which were rehearsed individually prior to the probe, and subjects reported their last rehearsal after naming the probe. The results showed that (1) naming latencies were longer in Sessions 2 and 3 than in Session 1, suggesting that rehearsal requires conscious attention; (2) letter probes that matched the last-rehearsed target item were named faster than those that were different; (3) when performance was examined in terms of the rehearsal distance between the target items and probe, target set size had no effect on probe identification time. Generative processes were suggested to influence probe encoding time through stimulus preprocessing.
对字符分类的研究表明，当探测项与最后一次练习的目标项相同时，反应时间会减少。如果复述起到了生成过程的作用，通过刺激激活来减少反应时间，那么如果任务从探测分类变为探测命名，应该会得到类似的结果。在第 1 会话中获得了字母识别基线，在该会话中，受试者尽可能快地命名单个探测字母。在第 2 和第 3 会话中，每个探测字母之前都有一个 3 到 5 个字母的目标字母，这些目标字母在探测之前单独进行复述，并且在命名探测后，受试者报告他们的最后一次复述。结果表明：（1）在第 2 和第 3 会话中，命名潜伏期比第 1 会话长，这表明复述需要有意识的注意；（2）与最后一次练习的目标项匹配的字母探测项比不匹配的探测项命名更快；（3）当根据目标项和探测之间的复述距离来检查性能时，目标集大小对探测识别时间没有影响。生成过程被认为通过刺激预处理来影响探测编码时间。
