Abnormal involuntary movements: side-effect of neuroleptic drugs.

Neuroleptics are antipsychotic drugs. In addition to their antipsychotic properties, many physicians use them as anti-anxiety or antiemetics. Indeed, most patients referred to psychiatrists would have been given one, or a combination, of these drugs. Physicians should therefore be aware of their side-effects. Abnormal involuntary movements, now recognized as side-effects of neuroleptics, are broadly classified as acute early occurring movement disorders and late appearing movement disorders. The clinical description, early recognition, pathophysiology, prevention and treatment of these side-effects are reviewed and judicious use of these drugs advocated.