Department of Biology and Indiana University Center for Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Dev Dyn. 2011 May;240(5):943-68. doi: 10.1002/dvdy.22553. Epub 2011 Feb 2.
The experimental study of amphibian limb regeneration spans most of the 20th century and the first decade of the 21st century. We first review the major questions investigated over this time span: (1) the origin of regeneration blastema cells, the mechanism of tissue breakdown that liberates cells from their tissue organization to participate in blastema formation, (3) the mechanism of dedifferentiation of these cells, (4) how the blastema grows, (5) how the blastema is patterned to restore the missing limb structures, and (6) why adult anurans, birds and mammals do not have the regenerative powers of urodele salamanders. We then look forward in a perspective to discuss the many unanswered questions raised by investigations of the past century, what new approaches can be taken to answer them, and what the prospects are for translation of basic research on limb regeneration into clinical means to regenerate human appendages.
两栖动物肢体再生的实验研究跨越了 20 世纪的大部分时间和 21 世纪的第一个十年。我们首先回顾了这一时期研究的主要问题：（1）再生芽基细胞的起源，组织崩解的机制，将细胞从组织组织中释放出来，参与芽基形成；（3）这些细胞去分化的机制；（4）芽基如何生长；（5）芽基如何模式化以恢复缺失的肢体结构；（6）为什么成体蛙类、鸟类和哺乳动物没有蝾螈那样的再生能力。然后，我们从一个角度展望未来，讨论过去一个世纪的研究提出的许多未解决的问题，以及可以采取哪些新方法来回答这些问题，以及将肢体再生的基础研究转化为临床手段来再生人类附属物的前景如何。
