Okayama University, Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences (RCIS), 3-1-1, Tsushima-naka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan.
Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2012 Oct;295(10):1566-74. doi: 10.1002/ar.22529. Epub 2012 Aug 29.
Amphibian limb regeneration has been studied for a long time. In amphibian limb regeneration, an undifferentiated blastema is formed around the region damaged by amputation. The induction process of blastema formation has remained largely unknown because it is difficult to study the induction of limb regeneration. The recently developed accessory limb model (ALM) allows the investigation of limb induction and reveals early events of amphibian limb regeneration. The interaction between nerves and wound epidermis/epithelium is an important aspect of limb regeneration. During early limb regeneration, neurotrophic factors act on wound epithelium, leading to development of a functional epidermis/epithelium called the apical epithelial cap (AEC). AEC and nerves create a specific environment that inhibits wound healing and induces regeneration through blastema formation. It is suggested that FGF-signaling and MMP activities participate in creating a regenerative environment. To understand why urodele amphibians can create such a regenerative environment and humans cannot, it is necessary to identify the similarities and differences between regenerative and nonregenerative animals. Here we focus on ALM to consider limb regeneration from a new perspective and we also reported that focal adhesion kinase (FAK)-Src signaling controlled fibroblasts migration in axolotl limb regeneration.
两栖动物肢体再生已经研究了很长时间。在两栖动物肢体再生中，在被截肢损伤的区域周围形成未分化的芽基。由于难以研究肢体再生的诱导，芽基形成的诱导过程在很大程度上仍然未知。最近开发的副肢模型（ALM）允许研究肢体诱导，并揭示了两栖动物肢体再生的早期事件。神经和伤口表皮/上皮之间的相互作用是肢体再生的一个重要方面。在早期肢体再生过程中，神经营养因子作用于伤口上皮，导致功能性表皮/上皮的发育，称为顶端上皮帽（AEC）。AEC 和神经形成了一个特定的环境，通过芽基形成抑制伤口愈合并诱导再生。有人认为 FGF 信号和 MMP 活性参与了再生环境的形成。为了了解为什么有尾两栖动物能够创造这样的再生环境而人类不能，有必要确定再生动物和非再生动物之间的相似性和差异性。在这里，我们重点关注 ALM，从新的角度考虑肢体再生，我们还报告了粘着斑激酶（FAK）-Src 信号控制着蝾螈肢体再生中的成纤维细胞迁移。
