Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2011 May;12(7):1003-5. doi: 10.1517/14656566.2011.554397. Epub 2011 Feb 4.
Urinary urgency is the key symptom of overactive bladder (OAB) and often forces patients to modify their lifestyle or daily routine. The impact of OAB on quality of life is significant. Antimuscarinics, an established pharmaceutical treatment for OAB, were originally thought to affect parasympathetic efferents to the bladder; however, there is increasing evidence of an important effect on afferent pathways. Dry mouth and constipation are the most common undesirable events resulting from the use of these agents. Imipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant, is a useful drug for the treatment of OAB, especially when combined with antimuscarinic agents, although this has not been adequately assessed as yet. One result of research in this field is the upcoming introduction of beta-3 agonists in the treatment of OAB. Botulinum toxin, a minimally invasive medical treatment, represents a new era for the treatment of refractory OAB. Despite the fact that this is currently an off-label treatment, it actually represents a widespread alternative method of therapy when conventional medical treatment fails. Pharmacotherapy will continue to play a major role in the treatment of OAB in the future.
尿急是膀胱过度活动症（OAB）的关键症状，常常迫使患者改变生活方式或日常习惯。OAB 对生活质量的影响是显著的。抗胆碱能药物是 OAB 的一种既定药物治疗方法，最初被认为会影响膀胱的副交感传出神经；然而，越来越多的证据表明其对传入途径也有重要影响。口干和便秘是这些药物使用最常见的不良事件。三环类抗抑郁药丙咪嗪是治疗 OAB 的有效药物，特别是与抗胆碱能药物联合使用时，尽管这尚未得到充分评估。这一领域的研究结果之一是即将推出β-3 激动剂用于治疗 OAB。肉毒杆菌毒素是一种微创的医疗治疗方法，代表了治疗难治性 OAB 的一个新时代。尽管目前这种治疗方法属于超适应证使用，但在常规药物治疗失败时，它实际上是一种广泛应用的替代治疗方法。在未来，药物治疗将继续在 OAB 的治疗中发挥主要作用。
