Laboratory of Biopolymers and Nanomedicine, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
Curr Drug Deliv. 2011 May;8(3):290-8. doi: 10.2174/156720111795256165.
The use of nanoparticles as platforms or vehicles for applications in nanomedicine, such as drug delivery and medical imaging, has been widely reported in the literature. A key area of potential improvement in the development and implementation of nanoparticles is the design of surface treatments to maximize residence time in the bloodstream. Major obstacles to the prolonged circulation of nanoparticles include complement activation and opsonization, both of which contribute to the removal of foreign matter from the vasculature. A greater understanding of the mechanisms through which nanoparticles interact with the complement system of innate immunity may be necessary in future endeavours to optimize nanoparticle design. The range of experimental techniques available for measuring complement interaction is presented. In particular, an in vitro hemolytic complement consumption assay called the CH(50) method is compared with alternative complement measurement techniques and cellular uptake studies in order to demonstrate its effectiveness as a quantitative evaluation of overall complement interaction. Moreover, establishing the usefulness of CH(50) results as predictors of in vivo behaviour is identified as a critical area for future research.
纳米粒子作为平台或载体在纳米医学中的应用，如药物输送和医学成像，在文献中已有广泛报道。在纳米粒子的开发和应用中，一个潜在的改进关键领域是设计表面处理，以最大限度地延长在血液中的停留时间。延长纳米粒子循环的主要障碍包括补体激活和调理作用，这两者都有助于将外来物质从脉管系统中清除。为了优化纳米粒子的设计，未来需要更深入地了解纳米粒子与先天免疫补体系统相互作用的机制。本文介绍了可用于测量补体相互作用的一系列实验技术。特别是，体外溶血补体消耗测定（CH(50) 法）与替代补体测量技术和细胞摄取研究进行了比较，以证明其作为全面补体相互作用定量评估的有效性。此外，将 CH(50) 结果作为体内行为预测因子的有用性确定为未来研究的一个关键领域。
