Department of Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, Oregon State University, 203D Women's Building, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
J Clin Lipidol. 2008 Jun;2(3):162-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jacl.2008.03.001. Epub 2008 Mar 22.
Regular physical activity is an important component of a healthy lifestyle in children and adolescents. However, despite the noted short- and long-term health benefits associated with physical activity, monitoring and surveillance studies show that a significant percentage of children and adolescents fail to meet the recommended guideline of 60 minutes or more of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity daily. This review examines key evidence from the public health and health promotion literature on promotion of health-enhancing physical activity in children and adolescents. We describe best practice in three key behavior settings-schools, homes, and health care settings. In school-based settings, it has been shown that physical education programs can be modified to increase the percentage of class time engaged in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. In the home setting, there is evidence that teaching parents to establish and monitor physical activity goals and provide appropriate rewards for meeting these goals results in gains in physical activity and/or physical fitness. In health care settings, evidence from two studies suggests that physician-based counseling coupled with stage appropriate written materials can be effective among adolescent youth.
定期进行身体活动是儿童和青少年健康生活方式的重要组成部分。然而，尽管与身体活动相关的短期和长期健康益处已得到证实，但监测和调查研究表明，相当大比例的儿童和青少年未能达到每天进行 60 分钟或更长时间中等至剧烈身体活动的建议指南。本综述检查了来自公共卫生和健康促进文献中关于促进儿童和青少年健康促进身体活动的关键证据。我们描述了在三个关键行为环境中——学校、家庭和医疗保健环境——的最佳实践。在基于学校的环境中，已经表明可以修改体育教育计划，以增加课堂上进行中等至剧烈身体活动的时间百分比。在家庭环境中，有证据表明，教导父母设定和监测身体活动目标，并为达到这些目标提供适当奖励，可提高身体活动量和/或身体适应性。在医疗保健环境中，两项研究的证据表明，基于医生的咨询加上适合阶段的书面材料，可以在青少年中有效实施。
