Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
Atherosclerosis. 2011 Apr;215(2):257-65. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.12.028. Epub 2011 Jan 19.
Oxidative modifications in lipoproteins (LP), especially in low-density lipoproteins (LDL), are associated with initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. The levels of a sub-fraction of LDL with oxidative characteristics, named electronegative LDL [LDL(-)], minimally oxidized LDL, and minus LDL, are known to be increased in subjects with familial hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, patients undergoing hemodialysis, and athletes after aerobic exercise. In addition to the oxidative profile, physical and biological characteristics of LDL(-) consist of nonenzymatic glycosylation, increased expression and activity of platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) and phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)), enriched NEFA content, hemoglobin and ApoB-100 cross-linking, and increase in ApoC-III and ApoE in LDL. Herein, we summarize the state of the art of the up-to-date body of knowledge on the possible origin and impact of LDL(-) in health and disease. Further, the potential perspectives of using LDL(-) as a biomarker in conditions under metabolic stress are also discussed.
脂蛋白（LP）的氧化修饰，特别是低密度脂蛋白（LDL）的氧化修饰，与动脉粥样硬化的发生和发展有关。具有氧化特征的 LDL 亚组份，即电负性 LDL [LDL(-)]、最小氧化 LDL 和负 LDL 的水平，已知在家族性高胆固醇血症、高三酰甘油血症、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎、糖尿病、冠心病、接受血液透析的患者和进行有氧运动的运动员中增加。除了氧化特征外，LDL(-)的物理和生物学特性还包括非酶糖基化、血小板激活因子乙酰水解酶（PAF-AH）和磷脂酶 A(2)（PLA(2)）表达和活性增加、富含游离脂肪酸、血红蛋白和 ApoB-100 交联，以及 LDL 中 ApoC-III 和 ApoE 的增加。在此，我们总结了关于 LDL(-)在健康和疾病中可能起源和影响的最新知识体系的现状。此外，还讨论了在代谢应激条件下将 LDL(-)用作生物标志物的潜在观点。
