Centre for Pain Services, Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases; Centre for Pain Research, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
Pain. 2011 Apr;152(4):780-785. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2010.12.001. Epub 2011 Feb 2.
Parent responses to the experiences of adolescents with chronic pain are deemed important. At the same time the best ways to conceptualize, measure, and intervene with these are unclear. The purpose of the present study was to develop a measure of parent responses based on the approach proposed in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), an approach that focuses on psychological flexibility. A total of 183 adolescents attending a specialty treatment center for chronic pain, and adults attending with them, provided the data examined in this study. Standard measures of adolescent functioning and parent responses were obtained. In addition, the attending adults, who were mostly mothers, also completed a pool of items for an instrument called the Parent Psychological Flexibility Questionnaire (PPFQ). Preliminary analyses of these items showed an internal consistency of α=0.91. The total score for parent psychological flexibility was negatively correlated with protective and encouraging parent responses to pain, as predicted. It was also positively correlated with adolescent acceptance of pain and negatively correlated with measures of pain-related impact on their social, emotional, family, and developmental functioning. Additional analyses showed that the PPFQ yields significant unique information about adolescent functioning independent of age and gender and beyond that provided by another well-established measure of parent responses. There is increasing evidence for the effectiveness of ACT in the treatment of a range of behavior problems in adults and young people and in training for persons without identified "disorders." It seems potentially applicable for parent training in the context of adolescent chronic pain.
家长对青少年慢性疼痛体验的反应被认为是很重要的。与此同时，对于如何对这些反应进行概念化、测量和干预也不是很清楚。本研究的目的是基于接受与承诺疗法（ACT）提出的方法来开发一种家长反应的测量方法，这种方法侧重于心理灵活性。共有 183 名青少年在慢性疼痛专科治疗中心就诊，陪同他们就诊的成年人提供了本研究中检查的数据。获得了青少年功能和家长反应的标准测量。此外，主要是母亲的陪同成年人还完成了一个名为“家长心理灵活性问卷（PPFQ）”的工具的一组项目。对这些项目的初步分析显示内部一致性α=0.91。家长心理灵活性的总分与保护和鼓励父母对疼痛的反应呈负相关，这与预测相符。它还与青少年对疼痛的接受程度呈正相关，与疼痛对其社会、情感、家庭和发展功能的影响的测量呈负相关。进一步的分析表明，PPFQ 提供了关于青少年功能的独立于年龄和性别且超越另一种成熟的父母反应测量的重要信息。ACT 在治疗成年人和年轻人的一系列行为问题以及对没有明确“障碍”的人的培训方面的有效性证据越来越多。它似乎在青少年慢性疼痛的家长培训方面具有潜在的适用性。
