Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, NHS, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK.
Surg Oncol. 2012 Jun;21(2):67-77. doi: 10.1016/j.suronc.2010.10.004. Epub 2011 Feb 2.
Colorectal cancer remains one of the leading causes of death in the world. Surgery still remains the mainstay of treatment for primary and metastatic colorectal cancer. Immunotherapy used as an adjunct to surgery can play an important role in controlling the spread of tumour.
The online databases PubMed, Medline, Scirus and Medscape Oncology were used to identify articles of relevance. Keywords included; "Immunotherapy", "Cellular Immunotherapy", "Metastatic Colorectal Cancer", "Monoclonal Antibody" "Tumour Vaccines" and "Adoptive Cell Therapy". The databases search was from the period of June 1995 until May 2010 inclusive.
Our understanding of tumour immunology has allowed the development of some successful therapies. Immunotherapy through the use of monoclonal antibodies is an effective adjunct to chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer. Other modalities that are in the stages of development are cellular and conjugated vaccines. However, these vaccines are being experimented in advanced stages of colorectal tumours.
Colorectal cancer vaccines are being developed for advanced stages of colorectal tumour. However, their use as an early adjunct could potentially limit the spread of tumour or even result in cure. Further trials are required to ensure the safety and efficacy of cellular vaccines against colorectal tumours to allow their use on patients early in their disease presentation.
结直肠癌仍然是世界上主要的死亡原因之一。手术仍然是治疗原发性和转移性结直肠癌的主要方法。免疫疗法作为手术的辅助手段，可以在控制肿瘤扩散方面发挥重要作用。
我们使用在线数据库 PubMed、Medline、Scirus 和 Medscape Oncology 来确定相关文章。关键词包括：“免疫疗法”、“细胞免疫疗法”、“转移性结直肠癌”、“单克隆抗体”、“肿瘤疫苗”和“过继细胞疗法”。数据库搜索的时间范围是 1995 年 6 月至 2010 年 5 月。
我们对肿瘤免疫学的理解已经允许了一些成功疗法的发展。免疫疗法通过使用单克隆抗体是转移性结直肠癌化疗的有效辅助手段。其他正在开发阶段的方法是细胞和共轭疫苗。然而，这些疫苗正在结直肠肿瘤的晚期阶段进行实验。
正在为结直肠肿瘤的晚期阶段开发结直肠癌疫苗。然而，作为早期辅助手段，它们有可能限制肿瘤的扩散，甚至导致治愈。需要进一步的试验来确保细胞疫苗对结直肠肿瘤的安全性和有效性，以便在疾病早期阶段用于患者。
