Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011 Jun 1;52(6):3452-7. doi: 10.1167/iovs.10-6713.
The controversial protective effect of macular pigment (MP), consisting of lutein (L) and zeaxantin (Z), in age-related maculopathy (ARM) and its late-stage, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is discussed. Determinants of MP optical density (MPOD) and its relation to ARM were investigated.
MPOD was accessed at eccentricities of 0.5° and 2.0° from the fovea in 369 participants in the 2.6-year follow-up examination of the prospective Muenster Aging and Retina Study using dual-wavelength analysis of autofluorescence images. ARM was graded from standardized fundus photographs according to the International Classification System.
MPOD at 0.5° and 2.0° between pairs and within single eyes was strongly correlated (P < 0.001). Smoking and body mass index showed moderately inverse associations with MPOD at 2.0°, and age was positively related to MPOD at both eccentricities. Serum L, measured at the baseline examination, was significantly associated with MPOD measured at follow-up. Likewise, use of L/Z-containing supplements raised MPOD. Crude mean MPOD increased with ascending stage of ARM. However, adjustment for influential factors and exclusion of L supplement users removed differences of mean MPOD between ARM stages. Considering further the accompanying eye, study eyes with ARM had significantly higher MPOD when the contralateral eye had AMD.
MPOD levels showed a high degree of intraindividual concordance and interindividual variability. Long-standing serum L levels, and in particular L supplementation, were the strongest determinants of MPOD. The hypothetical inverse association between MPOD and ARM stage was not confirmed.
讨论黄斑色素（MP），由叶黄素（L）和玉米黄质（Z）组成，在年龄相关性黄斑病变（ARM）及其晚期年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）中的有争议的保护作用。研究了 MP 光密度（MPOD）的决定因素及其与 ARM 的关系。
在前瞻性明斯特衰老与视网膜研究的 2.6 年随访检查中，使用自发荧光图像的双波长分析，在 369 名参与者的 0.5°和 2.0°的离焦处评估 MPOD。根据国际分类系统，使用标准化眼底照片对 ARM 进行分级。
双眼之间和单眼内的 0.5°和 2.0°处的 MPOD 具有很强的相关性（P<0.001）。吸烟和体重指数与 2.0°处的 MPOD 呈中度负相关，年龄与两个离焦处的 MPOD 呈正相关。在基线检查时测量的血清 L 与随访时测量的 MPOD 显著相关。同样，使用含有 L/Z 的补充剂可提高 MPOD。ARM 阶段升高时，未经调整的平均 MPOD 增加。然而，调整影响因素和排除 L 补充剂使用者后，ARM 阶段之间的平均 MPOD 差异消失。考虑到伴随的眼睛，如果对侧眼患有 AMD，则患有 ARM 的研究眼的 MPOD 明显更高。
MPOD 水平显示出高度的个体内一致性和个体间变异性。长期血清 L 水平，特别是 L 补充剂，是 MPOD 的最强决定因素。MPOD 与 ARM 阶段之间假设的反比关系并未得到证实。
