Abe Yasuhiro
Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka.
Yakugaku Zasshi. 2011 Feb;131(2):215-9. doi: 10.1248/yakushi.131.215.
Recently, nanomaterials (NMs) showing useful properties such as controlled release and tissue permeability have been developed for practical use as medicine and cosmetics. On the other hand, because NMs possess innovative properties, kinetics, and biological effects distinct from those of micro size bulk materials, the potential harmful effects of NMs on humans are raising concerns about their safety. Therefore, there is an urgent need for risk assessment of NMs. To achieve this, it is most important to analyze the relationship between physicochemical properties such as particle size and surface characteristics, cellular distribution and biological effects, allowing prediction and avoidance of risk in using NMs. However there is little information about association of nanomaterial properties with kinetics (exposure, absorption, distribution, and excretion). In this respect, we have not only collected hazard information on NMs but have also analyzed the linkage between silica particle size and their hazards. We have demonstrated that NM with a diameter of under 100 nm can penetrate the stratum corneum of mouse skin and are taken up by living cells such as keratinocytes and Langerhans cells. Additionally, NM taken up by cells entered the nucleus, indicating the risk of genotoxicity. In this review, we would like to discuss the relationship between particle size, intracellular distribution, and hazard effect.
近年来，已开发出具有控释和组织渗透性等有用特性的纳米材料（NMs），用于医药和化妆品的实际应用。另一方面，由于纳米材料具有与微米级块状材料不同的创新特性、动力学和生物效应，其对人类的潜在有害影响引发了人们对其安全性的担忧。因此，迫切需要对纳米材料进行风险评估。要做到这一点，最重要的是分析粒径和表面特性等物理化学性质、细胞分布和生物效应之间的关系，以便预测和避免使用纳米材料时的风险。然而，关于纳米材料性质与动力学（暴露、吸收、分布和排泄）之间关联的信息很少。在这方面，我们不仅收集了纳米材料的危害信息，还分析了二氧化硅粒径与其危害之间的联系。我们已经证明，直径小于100nm的纳米材料可以穿透小鼠皮肤的角质层，并被角质形成细胞和朗格汉斯细胞等活细胞摄取。此外，被细胞摄取的纳米材料进入了细胞核，表明存在基因毒性风险。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论粒径、细胞内分布和危害效应之间的关系。
