载脂蛋白 AI 及其替代物作为高密度脂蛋白（HDL）的关键成分，通过与 HDL 受体的相互作用在胆固醇逆转运（RCT）中发挥关键作用。HDL 受体包括清道夫受体 BI（SR-BI）和 ATP 结合盒转运子 A1（ABCA1），它们在将细胞内胆固醇和其他脂质输出到 HDL 颗粒中起着至关重要的作用。SR-BI 介导选择性摄取 HDL 中的胆固醇，而 ABCA1 促进细胞内游离胆固醇和磷脂的外排，形成成熟的 HDL 颗粒。
Update on HDL receptors and cellular cholesterol transport.
机构信息
Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd., ARC1102G, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4318, USA.
出版信息
Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2011 Jun;13(3):233-41. doi: 10.1007/s11883-011-0169-0.
Efflux is central to maintenance of tissue and whole body cholesterol homeostasis. The discovery of cell surface receptors that bind high-density lipoprotein (HDL) with high specificity and affinity to promote cholesterol release has significantly advanced our understanding of cholesterol efflux. We now know that 1) cells have several mechanisms to promote cholesterol release, including a passive mechanism that depends on the physico-chemical properties of cholesterol molecules and their interactions with phospholipids; 2) a variety of HDL particles can interact with receptors to promote cholesterol transport from tissues to the liver for excretion; and 3) interactions between HDL and receptors show functional synergy. Therefore, efflux efficiency depends both on the arrays of receptors on tissue cells and HDL particles in serum.
外排对于组织和全身胆固醇稳态的维持至关重要。细胞表面受体的发现，这些受体特异性和亲和力高的结合高密度脂蛋白（HDL），促进胆固醇的释放，极大地促进了我们对胆固醇外排的理解。我们现在知道：1）细胞有几种促进胆固醇释放的机制，包括依赖于胆固醇分子的物理化学性质及其与磷脂相互作用的被动机制；2）多种 HDL 颗粒可以与受体相互作用，促进胆固醇从组织转运到肝脏排泄；3）HDL 和受体之间的相互作用表现出功能协同。因此，外排效率既取决于组织细胞上的受体阵列，也取决于血清中的 HDL 颗粒。
Zotero 插件