Rhodes G, McLean I G
Department of Psychology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Perception. 1990;19(6):773-94. doi: 10.1068/p190773.
Recent studies using Brennan's computerized caricature generator have demonstrated distinctiveness effects consistent with the idea that faces are coded in terms of their individual distinctive properties. Based on these findings it is suggested that, for homogeneous classes whose members share a common configuration, distinctive configural information may be coded as metric deviations from a spatial norm. Experiments are described which demonstrate similar distinctiveness effects in bird identification. Transformations that increase distinctiveness (caricatures) produced faster identification and a higher recognition proportion, for both experts and nonexperts, than transformations that reduce distinctiveness (anticaricatures). This distinctiveness advantage is consistent with the norm-based coding idea. Furthermore, within certain limits, increasing distinctiveness did not impair performance relative to that for veridical drawings. For experts there was also a caricature advantage, such that 50% caricatures of birds in a highly homogeneous and familiar class (passerines) were identified more quickly, provided that they were recognized at all, than uncaricatured veridical drawings. The significance of a caricature advantage for the visual coding of configural information is discussed.
最近使用布伦南电脑化漫画生成器进行的研究表明，存在一些独特性效应，这与面部是根据其个体独特属性进行编码的观点相一致。基于这些发现，有人提出，对于其成员具有共同构型的同类群体，独特的构型信息可能被编码为与空间规范的度量偏差。文中描述了一些实验，这些实验在鸟类识别中也证明了类似的独特性效应。与降低独特性的变换（反漫画）相比，增加独特性的变换（漫画）能使专家和非专家都更快地进行识别，且识别比例更高。这种独特性优势与基于规范的编码观点相一致。此外，在一定限度内，相对于真实绘图，增加独特性并不会损害表现。对于专家来说，还有一种漫画优势，即对于高度同类且熟悉的鸟类群体（雀形目），只要能被识别出来，50%的鸟类漫画比未作漫画处理的真实绘图能被更快地识别。文中讨论了漫画优势对于构型信息视觉编码的意义。
