Research Program, Pediatric Dengue Vaccine Initiative, 5824 Edson Lane, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA,
Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2010 May;12(3):174-80. doi: 10.1007/s11908-010-0098-z.
Epidemics of encephalitis occurring throughout much of Asia are caused by Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a flavivirus maintained in a zoonotic cycle and transmitted by the mosquito, Culex tritaeniorhynchus. Resident populations, including short-or long-term visitors to enzootic regions, are at risk for Japanese encephalitis (JE) infection and disease. For the past several decades, effective killed viral vaccines prepared in tissue culture or mouse brain have been used to immunize travelers and residents of affected countries. Cost, efficacy, and safety concerns led to the development of a single-dose live attenuated virus vaccine (SA14-14-2) and more recently, to the licensure in the United States, Europe, and Australia of a purified inactivated, tissue culture-based JE vaccine (IC51; Intercell AG, Vienna, Austria) and the soon-to-be-licensed live-attenuated yellow fever-JE chimeric vaccine (ChimeriVax-JE; Sanofi Pasteur, Lyon, France). Safe and effective JE vaccines are now available to the entire at-risk population and should greatly diminish the burden of disease.
在亚洲大部分地区发生的脑炎疫情是由日本脑炎病毒（JEV）引起的，该病毒是一种黄病毒，在动物媒介传播的循环中得以维持，并通过库蚊（Culex tritaeniorhynchus）传播。居住人口，包括短或长期居住在流行地区的人，都有感染日本脑炎（JE）的风险。在过去的几十年中，已使用在组织培养或鼠脑中制备的有效灭活病毒疫苗来对旅行者和受影响国家的居民进行免疫接种。成本、疗效和安全性问题促使单剂量减毒活病毒疫苗（SA14-14-2）的发展，最近在美国、欧洲和澳大利亚获得了批准，一种纯化的基于组织培养的灭活 JE 疫苗（IC51；Intercell AG，维也纳，奥地利）和即将获得许可的减毒活黄热病-JE 嵌合疫苗（ChimeriVax-JE；Sanofi Pasteur，里昂，法国）。现在，针对整个高危人群提供了安全有效的 JE 疫苗，这将大大减轻疾病负担。
