Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar and Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2011 Apr;30(4):967-72. doi: 10.1002/etc.464. Epub 2011 Feb 23.
Polycyclic aromatic compounds, such as phenanthrene (PHE), tend to accumulate in the soil compartment, where they may be retained for many years because of their persistency and hydrophobicity. The toxicity and bioaccumulation of these chemicals in soil biota and potential biomagnification along the food chain is an issue of concern. The main goal of this study was to determine the toxicity and bioaccumulation of PHE in Enchytraeus albidus (Oligochaeta: Enchytraeidae) in a natural standard soil (LUFA 2.2) following standard test guidelines. Phenanthrene dose-relatedly affected the survival and reproduction of E. albidus with median lethal concentration and median effective concentration (EC50) values of 135 and 33 mg/kg dry soil, respectively. A toxicokinetics study, performed at a nontoxic soil concentration of 8 mg/kg, showed uptake and elimination rate constants of 4.91 kg soil per kilogram fresh weight animal per day and 0.236 per day, respectively and a bioaccumulation factor (BAF) of 20.8 kg soil per kilogram fresh weight animal. These results show that the three-week exposure in the toxicity test with E. albidus is sufficiently long to reach equilibrium, but also that PHE may accumulate to considerable levels, possibly causing a risk for predators.
多环芳烃化合物，如菲（PHE），往往会在土壤中积累，由于其持久性和疏水性，它们可能会在土壤中保留多年。这些化学物质在土壤生物群和食物链中潜在的生物放大作用的毒性和生物累积是一个令人关注的问题。本研究的主要目的是按照标准测试指南，在天然标准土壤（LUFA 2.2）中确定菲在白正蚓（寡毛纲：正蚓科）中的毒性和生物累积。菲与蚓存活率和繁殖率呈剂量相关，半数致死浓度和半数有效浓度（EC50）值分别为 135 和 33mg/kg 干土。在非毒性土壤浓度 8mg/kg 下进行的毒代动力学研究表明，摄取和消除速率常数分别为每公斤新鲜体重动物每天 4.91kg 土壤和 0.236 天，生物积累因子（BAF）为每公斤新鲜体重动物 20.8kg 土壤。这些结果表明，白正蚓毒性试验中的三周暴露时间足以达到平衡，但也表明 PHE 可能会积累到相当高的水平，可能对捕食者造成风险。
