Roelofs Dick, Bicho Rita C, de Boer Tjalf E, Castro-Ferreira Marta P, Montagne-Wajer Kora, van Gestel Cornelis A M, Soares Amadeu M V M, van Straalen Nico M, Amorim Mónica J B
Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Department of Biology and Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
Environ Toxicol Chem. 2016 Nov;35(11):2713-2720. doi: 10.1002/etc.3433.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) continue to cause environmental challenges as a result of their release into the environment by a great variety of anthropogenic activities and their accumulation in soils. Studies were conducted on the toxicological effect of the model PAH phenanthrene using the soil invertebrate model Enchytraeus crypticus at the individual, tissue, and molecular levels. Animals were exposed for 2 d and 21 d to phenanthrene concentrations corresponding to the (previously estimated) 3-wk effective concentration, 10% (EC10) and EC50 for effects on reproduction. Gene expression profiling did not reveal a typical phenanthrene-induced biotransformation signature, as it usually does in arthropods and vertebrates. Instead, after 2 d of exposure, only general metabolic processes were affected, such as translation and adenosine triphosphate synthesis-coupled electron transport. Histological sections of tissues of 2-d exposed animals showed no deviations from control. In contrast, after prolonged exposure of up to 21 d, histopathological effects were found: chloragogenous cells were highly vacuolated and hypertrophic. This was corroborated by differential expression of genes related to immune response and oxidative stress at the transcriptomic level. The data exemplify the complexity and species-specific features of PAH toxicity among soil invertebrate communities, which restricts read-across and extrapolation in the context of soil ecological risk assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2713-2720. © 2016 SETAC.
多环芳烃（PAHs）由于通过各种人为活动释放到环境中并在土壤中积累，持续给环境带来挑战。本研究使用土壤无脊椎动物模型隐尾蚓，在个体、组织和分子水平上，对典型PAH菲的毒理学效应展开了研究。动物分别暴露于菲浓度相当于（先前估计的）3周有效浓度、对繁殖影响的10%（EC10）和EC50的环境中，时长为2天和21天。基因表达谱分析未揭示出典型的菲诱导生物转化特征，而在节肢动物和脊椎动物中通常会出现此类特征。相反，暴露2天后，仅一般代谢过程受到影响，如翻译和与三磷酸腺苷合成偶联的电子传递。暴露2天的动物组织切片显示与对照组无差异。相比之下，长达21天的长期暴露后，发现了组织病理学效应：黄色细胞高度空泡化且肥大。这在转录组水平上与免疫反应和氧化应激相关基因的差异表达得到了证实。这些数据例证了土壤无脊椎动物群落中PAH毒性的复杂性和物种特异性特征，这限制了土壤生态风险评估背景下的跨物种推断和外推。《环境毒理学与化学》2016年；35：2713 - 2720。© 2016 SETAC。
