Ventricular assist devices and anesthetic implications for noncardiac procedures.

Approximately 5 million Americans experience heart failure, which affects 10 in every 1000 people older than 65 years. Ventricular assist devices (VADs) are a type of mechanical circulatory support that aids in systemic perfusion by maintaining unidirectional flow while reducing the oxygen demand of the failing ventricle. There are 3 generations of VADs in circulation used as a bridge to transplantation, a bridge to recovery, or as destination therapy. Due to the increasing use of these devices, it is likely that anesthetists will encounter patients with these devices more frequently, which requires adequate preoperative discussion with the care team. Intraoperatively, it is important to realize that patients with VADs are at higher risk for aspiration, to recognize electromagnetic interference from surgical devices, to maintain hemodynamic stability, and to monitor coagulation status. With proper knowledge, and adequate preoperative preparation and intraoperative care, anesthetists should be able to achieve safe and successful patient outcomes through anesthesia care.