Ten different acetyl phenyl-thiosemicarbazone derivatives of chitosan were synthesized. Their structures were characterized by FT-IR and elemental analysis. The antimicrobial behaviors of CS and its derivatives against four species of bacteria and four crop-threatening pathogenic fungi were investigated in this paper. The results indicated that the antimicrobial activities of acetyl phenyl-thiosemicarbazone derivatives are much better than that of pure CS. The minimum value of MIC and MBC of the derivatives against Escherichia coli was 7.03 and 225 μg mL(-1), respectively. All of the derivatives had significant inhibiting effect on the investigated fungi in the concentration of 50-500 μg mL(-1), and the maximum inhibitory index was 93.10%. The bioactivities of the derivatives have relationship with the grafted groups with different inductivity.