Abdu A, Emokpae M A, Uadia P O, Kuliya-Gwarzo A
Department of Medicine, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria.
Ann Afr Med. 2011 Jan-Mar;10(1):34-7. doi: 10.4103/1596-3519.76578.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: The life expectancy of patients with sickle cell anemia (SCA) has improved with modern medical care, and this has led to frequent observation of various chronic complications of the disease including abnormalities in renal function. Proteinuria is not only a marker of renal disease but is also a predictor of disease progression. This screening study was aimed at evaluating the prevalence of proteinuria among adult SCA patients in Kano, Nigeria, which has not been reported previously.
A total of 200 adult SCA patients were studied. They consisted of 100 men and 100 women. Blood was collected for the assay of serum urea, sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, and creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was determined using the Cockcroft-Gault formula. Urine dipstick test for the presence of proteinuria and other abnormalities was done, and 24-hour urine protein was measured in those with significant proteinuria.
Mean age of the male patients was 25.1 ± 1.0 years, whereas the mean age of the female patients was 22.8 ± 4.2 years. Twenty eight percent (32 males, 24 females) of the subjects were observed to have significant proteinuria. The mean estimated eGFR of the males was 88 ± 19.6 ml/min while that of the females was 92 ± 10.2 ml/min. The male SCA patients with proteinuria had a mean eGFR of 70 ± 6.9 ml/min, whereas the female SCA patients with proteinuria had mean eGFR of 101 ± 2.5 ml/min. Among the male patients with proteinuria, 50% had chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Proteinuria which is a marker of renal insufficiency is common among adult SCA patients, and routine screening for proteinuria may help detect those at increased risk of renal disease. CKD prevalence is high among SCA patients with significant proteinuria.
背景/目的：随着现代医疗护理的发展，镰状细胞贫血（SCA）患者的预期寿命有所提高，这导致该疾病的各种慢性并发症，包括肾功能异常，经常被观察到。蛋白尿不仅是肾脏疾病的一个标志，也是疾病进展的一个预测指标。这项筛查研究旨在评估尼日利亚卡诺成年SCA患者中蛋白尿的患病率，此前尚未有相关报道。
共研究了200名成年SCA患者。其中包括100名男性和100名女性。采集血液用于检测血清尿素、钠、钾、氯、碳酸氢盐和肌酐，并使用Cockcroft - Gault公式测定估算肾小球滤过率（eGFR）。进行尿试纸条检测以确定是否存在蛋白尿和其他异常情况，并对蛋白尿显著的患者测量24小时尿蛋白。
男性患者的平均年龄为25.1±1.0岁，而女性患者的平均年龄为22.8±4.2岁。观察到28%（32名男性，24名女性）的受试者有显著蛋白尿。男性的平均估算eGFR为88±19.6 ml/分钟，而女性为92±10.2 ml/分钟。有蛋白尿的男性SCA患者的平均eGFR为70±6.9 ml/分钟，而有蛋白尿的女性SCA患者的平均eGFR为101±2.5 ml/分钟。在有蛋白尿的男性患者中，50%患有慢性肾脏病（CKD）。
蛋白尿作为肾功能不全的一个标志，在成年SCA患者中很常见，常规筛查蛋白尿可能有助于发现那些肾病风险增加的患者。在有显著蛋白尿的SCA患者中，CKD患病率很高。
