Department of Dermatology and Allergy Biederstein, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
Allergy. 2011 Jun;66(6):713-24. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2010.02541.x. Epub 2011 Feb 15.
Hundred years ago, Leonhard Noon and John Freeman published their pioneering works on allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) using grass pollen extracts. To honor their contribution to the development of ASIT as the only causal treatment of IgE-mediated allergies, we review the history of ASIT that started with the anecdotal descriptions of ASIT performed by the ancient king Mithridates (132-63 B.C.) and Jenner's development of a cowpox vaccine. Following Noon's and Freeman's first controlled human trials, ASIT was performed by a large number of modalities and with a myriad of pharmacologic preparations. These developments range from early aqueous pollen extracts and whole bee extracts to chemically modified allergens (allergoids) and various recombinant allergens. In addition to allergen-specific immunotherapy, non-specific immune response modifiers have been used in the past or are in the developmental stage. Also, currently many innovative experimental approaches of ASIT are studied in animal models and human in vitro systems and will hopefully further broaden the range of allergies that can be treated by ASIT, with enhanced efficacy and further reduced side-effects.
一百年前，Leonhard Noon 和 John Freeman 发表了他们使用花粉提取物进行过敏原特异性免疫治疗（ASIT）的开创性工作。为了纪念他们对 ASIT 发展的贡献，ASIT 是 IgE 介导过敏的唯一因果治疗方法，我们回顾了 ASIT 的历史，从古代国王米特里达梯（公元前 132-63 年）进行的 ASIT 的轶事描述和 Jenner 开发牛痘疫苗开始。在 Noon 和 Freeman 的首次人体对照试验之后，ASIT 采用了大量的方法和无数的药物制剂进行治疗。这些发展包括早期的水性花粉提取物和全蜂提取物，到化学修饰的过敏原（变应原）和各种重组过敏原。除了过敏原特异性免疫治疗外，过去或目前正在开发阶段的非特异性免疫反应调节剂也已被使用。此外，目前许多 ASIT 的创新实验方法正在动物模型和人体体外系统中进行研究，有望进一步扩大 ASIT 可治疗的过敏范围，提高疗效，进一步减少副作用。
