Hicks Beverly
Psychiatric Nursing Program, Brandon University, MB, Canada.
Nurs Hist Rev. 2011;19:103-26. doi: 10.1891/1062-8061.19.103.
In Canada, psychiatric nursing care is provided by two kinds of nurses. East of Manitoba, it is provided by registered nurses who may or may not have specialized psychiatric nursing education. In the four western provinces, a distinct professional group, registered psychiatric nurses, also provide care. Saskatchewan was the first province to achieve distinct legislation, in 1948, followed by British Columbia in 1951, Alberta in 1955, and Manitoba in 1960. Several factors coalesced to sway Manitoba to adopt the distinct profession model. First, there was little interest by the general nursing body in mental hospital nursing. Second, the other three western provinces had formed a Canadian Council of Psychiatric Nursing that encouraged mental hospital attendants and nurses in Manitoba. Third, a group of male attendants took on leadership roles supported by the mental hospital superintendents. Finally, Manitoba was culturally and geographically more aligned with western than eastern Canada.
在加拿大，精神科护理工作由两类护士提供。在曼尼托巴省以东，由注册护士提供护理服务，这些护士可能接受过也可能未接受过专业精神科护理教育。在西部的四个省份，一个独特的专业群体——注册精神科护士也提供护理服务。萨斯喀彻温省是第一个在1948年制定专门立法的省份，随后是1951年的不列颠哥伦比亚省、1955年的艾伯塔省和1960年的曼尼托巴省。有几个因素共同促使曼尼托巴省采用独特的专业模式。首先，普通护理团体对精神病院护理兴趣不大。其次，其他三个西部省份成立了加拿大精神科护理理事会，该理事会鼓励曼尼托巴省的精神病院护理员和护士。第三，一群男性护理员在精神病院院长的支持下担任领导角色。最后，曼尼托巴省在文化和地理上与加拿大西部而非东部更为一致。
