Chatterton C
University of Brighton, Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Westlain House, Falmer, Brighton, UK.
J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs. 2004 Feb;11(1):30-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2850.2004.00674.x.
The early history of mental health nurse training is one that has only been partially researched. While some writers have discussed the content and impact of training on the development of mental health nursing, little has been written on the professional and institutional factors that influenced this development. The medical profession, psychiatry, was to play an important role in the development of training and regulation of nursing staff in the large Victorian asylums and was an important influence on the knowledge base of mental health nursing. Their professional organization, the Medico-Psychological Association (the Royal Medico-Psychological Association after 1926 when they acquired a royal prefix) produced the first textbook for asylum nurses in 1885 and established a national training scheme for them 4 years later. However, in 1919 the Nurses Registration Act established the General Nursing Council for England and Wales and this body was given statutory responsibility for the training and registration of nurses, including 'mental' nurses. They were soon to be in conflict with the Medico-Psychological Association. The two organizations continued to run their own rival training schemes for mental health nurses for over 30 years, the Royal Medico-Psychological Association finally relinquishing their role in 1951. The Royal Medico-Psychological Association scheme proved far more popular than the General Nursing Councils, with significantly more nurses participating in it. This paper discusses these organizational influences on the development of 'mental nurse' training and discusses the possible impact that they have had on the knowledge base of mental health nursing.
心理健康护士培训的早期历史仅有部分研究。虽然一些作者讨论了培训内容及其对心理健康护理发展的影响，但关于影响这一发展的专业和机构因素却鲜有著述。医学专业，即精神病学，在维多利亚时代大型精神病院护理人员培训与管理的发展中发挥了重要作用，并且对心理健康护理的知识基础有着重要影响。其专业组织，即医学心理协会（1926年获得皇家前缀后成为皇家医学心理协会）在1885年为精神病院护士编写了第一本教科书，并在4年后为他们制定了全国性培训计划。然而，1919年的《护士注册法案》设立了英格兰和威尔士总护理委员会，该机构被赋予了护士培训和注册的法定职责，包括“精神科”护士。他们很快就与医学心理协会产生了冲突。这两个组织在30多年的时间里继续为心理健康护士开展各自相互竞争的培训计划，皇家医学心理协会最终在1951年放弃了其职责。事实证明，皇家医学心理协会的计划比总护理委员会的计划更受欢迎，参与其中的护士数量显著更多。本文讨论了这些组织对“精神科护士”培训发展的影响，并探讨了它们可能对心理健康护理知识基础产生的影响。
