International Institute for Population Sciences, Deonar, Mumbai, India.
J Urban Health. 2011 Apr;88(2):311-28. doi: 10.1007/s11524-010-9532-7.
This paper examines trends in three reproductive healthcare indicators- namely, antenatal care, medical assistance at delivery, and contraceptive use among the urban poor and non-poor in India using data from the National Family Health Surveys, 1992-1993 and 2005-2006. The urban poor and non-poor are derived from composite wealth indices based on a set of economic proxies. Results indicate that the estimates of poor and non-poor are reliable. During the last 14 years, the service coverage in all three indicators has increased in the country, among both the urban poor and non-poor. However, the utilization of reproductive health services is concentrated among the urban non-poor cutting across the states, with the exception of Kerala. While the non-poor/poor gap in antenatal care and medical assistance at delivery remained large over the years, the gap in contraceptive use has narrowed down cutting across states. After adjusting for other confounders, household poverty was found to be a significant barrier in the utilization of reproductive healthcare services across the states. It has been observed that the utilization of reproductive healthcare services followed a continuum of rural total, urban poor, and urban non-poor.
本文利用印度国家家庭健康调查（1992-1993 年和 2005-2006 年）的数据，考察了印度城市贫困和非贫困人群在产前护理、分娩时的医疗救助和避孕措施这三个生殖健康指标方面的变化趋势。城市贫困和非贫困人群是根据一套经济指标综合财富指数得出的。结果表明，贫困和非贫困人群的估算值是可靠的。在过去的 14 年中，印度城乡贫困和非贫困人群在这三个指标中的服务覆盖率都有所增加。然而，生殖健康服务的利用率主要集中在城市非贫困人群中，这在各个邦都有体现，喀拉拉邦除外。尽管多年来产前护理和分娩时的医疗救助方面的非贫困/贫困差距仍然很大，但避孕措施方面的差距在各个邦都有所缩小。在调整了其他混杂因素后，发现家庭贫困是各邦生殖保健服务利用的一个重要障碍。可以发现，生殖保健服务的利用呈现出农村总人口、城市贫困人口和城市非贫困人口的连续体。
