Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Clinic for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany.
Allergy. 2011 Jun;66(6):792-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02553.x. Epub 2011 Feb 18.
Allergen-specific immunotherapy (SIT) is the only causal treatment of allergic disorders and therefore a cornerstone in the management of respiratory allergy. SIT is effective in patients with allergic rhinitis and mild-to-moderate allergic asthma. Successful treatment is associated with decrease in allergic symptoms of the upper and lower airways. The most relevant limitation in the daily routine is the restricted use of SIT in patients with moderate-to-severe allergic asthma. A strategy to overcome this limitation is to combine SIT with immunmodulators. One example of a recently developed immunmodulator is Omalizumab, a humanized, monoclonal anti-IgE antibody that binds to circulating IgE molecules, thus interrupting the allergic cascade downstream the IgE production of B cells. Up to now, four clinical trials have been performed, which all showed that the combination of Omalizumab and SIT is safe and clinically more effective than SIT alone. Moreover, administration of Omalizumab prior to SIT reduces the risk of SIT-related systemic reactions. Omalizumab and SIT are also effective in patients with mild-moderate allergic asthma. In conclusion, the use of Omalizumab as an additive immunmodulator improves safety and efficacy and might be a useful approach to broaden the indication of specific immunotherapy in allergic patients.
变应原特异性免疫治疗(SIT)是治疗过敏疾病的唯一病因疗法,因此是呼吸道过敏管理的基石。SIT 对过敏性鼻炎和轻中度过敏性哮喘患者有效。成功的治疗与上、下呼吸道过敏症状的减少相关。在日常实践中最相关的限制是 SIT 在中重度过敏性哮喘患者中的使用受限。克服这一限制的策略是将 SIT 与免疫调节剂联合使用。最近开发的免疫调节剂的一个例子是奥马珠单抗,一种人源化、单克隆抗 IgE 抗体,可与循环 IgE 分子结合,从而阻断 B 细胞 IgE 产生下游的过敏级联反应。迄今为止,已经进行了四项临床试验,所有这些试验均表明,奥马珠单抗联合 SIT 比单独 SIT 更安全、更有效。此外,在 SIT 之前使用奥马珠单抗可降低 SIT 相关全身性反应的风险。奥马珠单抗和 SIT 对轻中度过敏性哮喘患者也有效。总之,奥马珠单抗作为一种附加的免疫调节剂可提高安全性和疗效,可能是扩大过敏患者特异性免疫治疗适应证的有用方法。
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