Superoxide-independent platelet response to xanthine oxidase.

Xanthine oxidase (1--5 microgram/ml) from cow's milk induces shape change, aggregation, and the release reaction of human washed platelets. Xanthine oxidase plus xanthine produce superoxide radicals, which reduce nitro blue tetrazolium. Superoxide dismutase, allopurinol, or ommission of xanthine inhibits the reduction of nitro blue tetrazolium but has no influence on the platelet response to xanthine oxidase. In contrast, small amounts of plasma or apyrase from potatoes abolish the effect on platelets, but not the enzyme activity of xanthine oxidase. Comparison of two xanthine oxidase preparations shows that higher specific enzyme activity corresponds to a lesser effect on platelets. The results suggest that platelet and enzyme activities reside in different components of xanthine oxidase preparations.