Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
Pediatr Radiol. 2011 Apr;41(4):512-24. doi: 10.1007/s00247-011-2007-5. Epub 2011 Feb 19.
Synovium is the thin membranous lining of a joint. It produces synovial fluid, which lubricates and nourishes the cartilage and bone in the joint capsule. Synovial diseases in children can be classified as normal structures as potential sources of pathology (synovial folds: plicae, infrapatellar fat pad clefts), noninfectious synovial proliferation (juvenile idiopathic arthritis, hemophilic arthropathy, lipoma arborescens, synovial osteochondromatosis, pigmented villonodular synovitis, reactive synovitis), infectious synovial proliferation (pyogenic arthritis, tuberculous arthritis), deposition disease (gouty arthropathy), vascular malformation, malignancy (metastasis) and intra-/periarticular cysts and cyst-like structures. Other intra-articular neoplasms, such as intra-articular synovial sarcoma, can mimic synovial disease in children.
滑膜是关节的薄膜衬里。它产生滑液，润滑和滋养关节囊内的软骨和骨。儿童的滑膜疾病可分为正常结构作为潜在的病理来源（滑膜皱襞：皱襞、髌下脂肪垫裂）、非传染性滑膜增殖（幼年特发性关节炎、血友病性关节病、脂肪瘤病、滑膜骨软骨瘤病、色素绒毛结节性滑膜炎、反应性滑膜炎）、传染性滑膜增殖（化脓性关节炎、结核性关节炎）、沉积病（痛风性关节炎）、血管畸形、恶性肿瘤（转移）和关节内/周围囊肿和囊状结构。其他关节内肿瘤，如关节内滑膜肉瘤，可模拟儿童的滑膜疾病。
