Ferreira Aline Alves, Santos Ricardo Ventura, Souza July Anne Mendonça de, Welch James R, Coimbra Carlos E A
Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil.
Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil.
Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2017 Jan-Mar;20(1):102-114. doi: 10.1590/1980-5497201700010009.
: To evaluate the prevalence of anemia, mean hemoglobin levels, and the main nutritional, demographic, and socioeconomic factors among Xavante children in Mato Grosso State, Brazil.
: A survey was conducted with children under 10 years of age in two indigenous Xavante communities within the Pimentel Barbosa Indigenous Reserve. Hemoglobin concentration levels, anthropometric measurements, and socioeconomic/demographic data were collected by means of clinical measurements and structured interviews. The cut-off points recommended by the World Health Organization were used for anemia classification. Linear regression analyses with hemoglobin as the outcome and Poisson regression with robust variance and with the presence or absence of anemia as outcomes were performed (95%CI).
: Lower mean hemoglobin values were observed in children under 2 years of age, without a significant difference between sexes. Anemia was observed among 50.8% of children overall, with the highest prevalence among children under 2 years of age (77.8%). Age of the child was inversely associated with the occurrence of anemia (adjusted PR = 0.60; 95%CI 0.38-0.95) and mean hemoglobin values increased significantly with age. Greater height-for-age z-score values reduced the probability of having anemia by 1.8 times (adjusted PR = 0.59; 95%CI 0.34-1.00). Presence of another child with anemia within the household increased the probability of the occurrence of anemia by 52.9% (adjusted PR = 1.89; 95%CI 1.16-3.09).
: Elevated levels of anemia among Xavante children reveal a disparity between this Indigenous population and the national Brazilian population. Results suggest that anemia is determined by complex and variable relationships between socioeconomic, sociodemographic, and biological factors.
评估巴西马托格罗索州沙万特儿童的贫血患病率、平均血红蛋白水平以及主要的营养、人口统计学和社会经济因素。
在皮门特尔·巴博萨印第安保护区内的两个沙万特印第安社区对10岁以下儿童进行了一项调查。通过临床测量和结构化访谈收集血红蛋白浓度水平、人体测量数据以及社会经济/人口统计学数据。采用世界卫生组织推荐的临界值进行贫血分类。以血红蛋白为结果进行线性回归分析，以贫血的存在与否为结果进行稳健方差泊松回归分析（95%置信区间）。
2岁以下儿童的平均血红蛋白值较低，男女之间无显著差异。总体上，50.8%的儿童患有贫血，其中2岁以下儿童的患病率最高（77.8%）。儿童年龄与贫血的发生呈负相关（调整后的PR = 0.60；95%置信区间0.38 - 0.95），平均血红蛋白值随年龄显著增加。年龄别身高Z评分较高使患贫血的概率降低1.8倍（调整后的PR = 0.59；95%置信区间0.34 - 1.00）。家庭中另一个孩子患有贫血会使贫血发生的概率增加52.9%（调整后的PR = 1.89；95%置信区间1.16 - 3.09）。
沙万特儿童贫血水平升高表明该原住民群体与巴西全国人口之间存在差异。结果表明，贫血是由社会经济、社会人口统计学和生物学因素之间复杂多变的关系所决定的。
