Brimnes Niels
Department of History and Area Studies, Aarhus University, Aarthus C., Denmark.
Cien Saude Colet. 2011 Feb;16(2):397-407. doi: 10.1590/s1413-81232011000200004.
Through an examination of mass BCG vaccination against tuberculosis in India between 1948 and 1960 this article draws attention to the diversity of the history of vaccination. The features of vaccination campaigns often differed from those of the celebrated campaign to eradicate smallpox. Due to differences between smallpox and tuberculosis as well as between the vaccines developed against them, an analysis of BCG mass vaccination against tuberculosis seems particularly well suited for this purpose. Three points of difference are identified. First, in non-Western contexts BCG vaccination procedures were modified to a greater extent than vaccination against smallpox. Second, tuberculosis lacked the drama and urgency of smallpox and BCG vaccination campaigns suffered more from recruitment problems than did the more "heroic" smallpox eradication campaign. Third, the BCG vaccine was contested in medical circles and was much better suited than the vaccine against smallpox as a vehicle for the articulation of concerns about post-colonial modernization.
通过对1948年至1960年间印度大规模卡介苗接种预防结核病的考察，本文提请人们注意疫苗接种历史的多样性。疫苗接种运动的特点往往与著名的根除天花运动不同。由于天花和结核病之间以及针对它们研发的疫苗之间存在差异，对卡介苗大规模接种预防结核病进行分析似乎特别适合这一目的。确定了三点不同之处。第一，在非西方背景下，卡介苗接种程序比天花接种程序的修改程度更大。第二，结核病缺乏天花那种戏剧性和紧迫性，卡介苗接种运动比更“英勇”的根除天花运动面临更多招募问题。第三，卡介苗在医学界存在争议，并且作为表达对后殖民现代化担忧的载体，它比天花疫苗更合适。
