Schleidt Wolfgang, Shalter Michael D, Moura-Neto Humberto
Department of Behavioral Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
J Comp Psychol. 2011 May;125(2):121-33. doi: 10.1037/a0022068.
We present a historical account of the story behind the famous hawk/goose experiments of Lorenz and Tinbergen in a wider context of cognitive ethology. We discuss their significance, for ethological experimentation in general, and specifically for understanding innate constraints on cognition. As examples of the continuing significance of the hawk/goose paradigm of selective habituation, we discuss its relation to "exposure therapy" of human phobias and the use of hawk silhouettes as deterrents for songbirds. Finally we rephrase Uexküll's thesis of taxon-specific worlds ("Umwelten") as a "Theory of World."
我们在更广泛的认知行为学背景下，对洛伦兹和廷贝亨著名的鹰/鹅实验背后的故事进行了历史叙述。我们讨论了它们对于一般行为学实验的意义，特别是对于理解认知的先天限制的意义。作为选择性习惯化的鹰/鹅范式持续重要性的例子，我们讨论了它与人类恐惧症“暴露疗法”的关系，以及使用鹰的剪影作为鸣禽威慑物的情况。最后，我们将冯·于克斯屈尔的特定分类世界（“ Umwelt ”）论点重新表述为一种“世界理论”。
