Altria Client Services, Research Development and Engineering, 601 E. Jackson Street, Richmond, VA 23219, USA.
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2011 Jun;60(1):79-83. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2011.02.008. Epub 2011 Feb 20.
Tobacco dependence is a multidimensional phenomenon. The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) is a widely administered six-item questionnaire used as a measure of nicotine dependence. It has been suggested that this test may not represent the entire spectrum of factors related to dependence. Also the relationship of this test with biomarkers of exposure to cigarette smoke has not been extensively studied.
Data from a multi-center, cross-sectional, ambulatory study of US adult smokers (the Total Exposure Study, TES) was analyzed. The FTND score and a number of additional questions related to smoking behavior, from an adult smoker questionnaire (ASQ) completed by 3585 adult smokers in the TES were analyzed. The 24-h urine nicotine equivalents, serum cotinine and blood carboxyhemoglobin were measured as biomarkers of exposure (BOE) to nicotine and carbon monoxide. Cigarette butts returned were collected during the 24-h urine collection period.
The FTND showed moderate correlations with BOE, while selected questions from ASQ although statistically significant, had weaker correlations. FTND scores showed substantially weaker correlations without the question about cigarettes smoked per day (CPD). CPD and time to first cigarette (TTFC) had the most impact on BOE.
Additional questions from ASQ did not appear to contribute towards refining the FTND test. The correlation of the FTND scores with nicotine and carbon monoxide seems to be primarily driven by CPD. CPD and TTFC were the most important factors correlating with exposure.
烟草依赖是一种多维现象。尼古丁依赖量表（FTND）是一种广泛使用的六条目问卷，用于衡量尼古丁依赖程度。有人认为，这种测试可能无法代表与依赖相关的所有因素。此外，该测试与吸烟暴露的生物标志物之间的关系也没有得到广泛研究。
对美国成年吸烟者（总暴露研究，TES）的一项多中心、横断面、门诊研究的数据进行了分析。FTND 评分和 TES 中由 3585 名成年吸烟者完成的一份成人吸烟者问卷（ASQ）中的一些与吸烟行为相关的附加问题进行了分析。24 小时尿尼古丁当量、血清可替宁和血碳氧血红蛋白被测量为尼古丁和一氧化碳暴露的生物标志物（BOE）。在 24 小时尿液收集期间收集了丢弃的香烟烟头。
FTND 与 BOE 呈中度相关，而 ASQ 中的一些问题虽然具有统计学意义，但相关性较弱。没有关于每天吸烟量（CPD）的问题时，FTND 评分的相关性明显减弱。CPD 和首次吸烟时间（TTFC）对 BOE 的影响最大。
ASQ 中的附加问题似乎并没有改进 FTND 测试。FTND 评分与尼古丁和一氧化碳的相关性似乎主要由 CPD 驱动。CPD 和 TTFC 是与暴露相关性最强的因素。
