Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Program in Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Cardiology, and the Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Sci Adv. 2019 Oct 16;5(10):eaay9763. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aay9763. eCollection 2019 Oct.
The health harms of combusted tobacco use are undeniable. With market and regulatory pressures to reduce the harms of nicotine delivery by combustion, the tobacco product landscape has diversified to include smokeless, heated, and electronic nicotine vaping products. Products of tobacco combustion are the main cause of smoking-induced disease, and nicotine addiction sustains tobacco use. An understanding of the biology and clinical features of nicotine addiction and the conditioning of behavior that occurs via stimuli paired with frequent nicotine dosing, as with a smoked cigarette, is important for informing pharmacologic and behavioral treatment targets. We review current advances in research on nicotine addiction treatment and recovery, with a focus on conventional combustible cigarette use. Our review covers evidence-based methods to treat smoking in adults and policy approaches to prevent nicotine product initiation in youth. In closing, we discuss emerging areas of evidence and consider new directions for advancing the field.
吸烟的健康危害是不可否认的。随着市场和监管压力的增大，以减少燃烧尼古丁带来的危害，烟草产品的种类也在不断增加，包括无烟、加热和电子尼古丁吸入产品。燃烧烟草制品是导致吸烟相关疾病的主要原因，而尼古丁成瘾则维持了烟草的使用。了解尼古丁成瘾的生物学和临床特征，以及与频繁尼古丁剂量（如吸烟）相关的刺激配对引起的行为条件作用，对于确定药理学和行为治疗靶点非常重要。我们回顾了尼古丁成瘾治疗和康复方面的最新进展，重点关注传统可燃香烟的使用。我们的综述涵盖了治疗成人吸烟的循证方法和预防青少年使用尼古丁产品的政策方法。最后，我们讨论了新出现的证据领域，并考虑了推动该领域发展的新方向。
