Biomedizinisches Technologiezentrum, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Domagkstraße 3a, 48149 Münster, Germany.
Part Fibre Toxicol. 2011 Feb 23;8:9. doi: 10.1186/1743-8977-8-9.
Engineered nanomaterials display unique properties that may have impact on human health, and thus require a reliable evaluation of their potential toxicity. Here, we performed a standardized in vitro screening of 23 engineered nanomaterials. We thoroughly characterized the physicochemical properties of the nanomaterials and adapted three classical in vitro toxicity assays to eliminate nanomaterial interference. Nanomaterial toxicity was assessed in ten representative cell lines.
Six nanomaterials induced oxidative cell stress while only a single nanomaterial reduced cellular metabolic activity and none of the particles affected cell viability. Results from heterogeneous and chemically identical particles suggested that surface chemistry, surface coating and chemical composition are likely determinants of nanomaterial toxicity. Individual cell lines differed significantly in their response, dependent on the particle type and the toxicity endpoint measured.
In vitro toxicity of the analyzed engineered nanomaterials cannot be attributed to a defined physicochemical property. Therefore, the accurate identification of nanomaterial cytotoxicity requires a matrix based on a set of sensitive cell lines and in vitro assays measuring different cytotoxicity endpoints.
工程纳米材料具有独特的性质，可能对人类健康产生影响，因此需要对其潜在毒性进行可靠的评估。在这里，我们对 23 种工程纳米材料进行了标准化的体外筛选。我们彻底表征了纳米材料的物理化学性质，并采用三种经典的体外毒性测定法来消除纳米材料的干扰。纳米材料的毒性在十种代表性细胞系中进行了评估。
六种纳米材料诱导了氧化细胞应激，而只有一种纳米材料降低了细胞代谢活性，没有一种颗粒影响细胞活力。来自异质和化学相同的颗粒的结果表明，表面化学、表面涂层和化学成分可能是纳米材料毒性的决定因素。不同的细胞系对不同类型的颗粒和所测量的毒性终点的反应有显著差异。
分析的工程纳米材料的体外毒性不能归因于特定的物理化学性质。因此，准确识别纳米材料的细胞毒性需要基于一组敏感细胞系和测量不同细胞毒性终点的体外测定的基质。
