Priester G H, Post W J, Goorhuis-Brouwer S M
School of Health Care, Windesheim University of Applied Sciences, PO Box 10900, 8000 GB, Zwolle, The Netherlands.
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2011 Apr;75(4):592-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2011.01.027. Epub 2011 Feb 22.
Comparison of normative data in English and Dutch speech sound development in young children. Research questions were: Which normative data are present concerning speech sound development in children between two and six years of age? In which way are the speech sounds examined? What are the differences and similarities between the development of speech sounds in different languages?
A literature study on the subject was performed to be able to answer the research questions.
The presented normative English data showed that all vowels are present at three years of age, and most consonants (singletons) already at four years of age, except for/ʃ, ɹ, θ, ð/. Consonant clusters develop between 4.5 and 5.5 years of age. The phonological error patterns gliding can be present until six years of age. According to information regarding the Dutch speech sound system, the same ages are found for vowels and single consonants. The age of acquisition of most consonant clusters is present at about six years of age, but the development goes on until ten years of age.
The data from the development of the English and Dutch speech sound system show many similar tendencies. Vowels are mastered by the age of three, most consonants by the age of four and most consonant clusters between 5 and 6-8 years of age. Perhaps, there is a universal trend in speech sound development like there is in language development.
比较幼儿英语和荷兰语音发展的规范数据。研究问题如下：关于2至6岁儿童语音发展的规范数据有哪些？语音是如何进行检查的？不同语言的语音发展之间有哪些差异和相似之处？
对该主题进行文献研究，以便能够回答研究问题。
所呈现的英语规范数据表明，所有元音在3岁时出现，大多数辅音（单辅音）在4岁时已经出现，但/ʃ, ɹ, θ, ð/除外。辅音连缀在4.5至5.5岁之间发展。语音错误模式滑音可能会持续到6岁。根据有关荷兰语音系统的信息，元音和单辅音的出现年龄相同。大多数辅音连缀的习得年龄约为6岁，但发展会持续到10岁。
英语和荷兰语音系统发展的数据显示出许多相似的趋势。元音在3岁时掌握，大多数辅音在4岁时掌握，大多数辅音连缀在5至6 - 8岁之间掌握。也许，语音发展中存在一种像语言发展那样的普遍趋势。
