Ceron Marizete Ilha, Gubiani Marileda Barichello, de Oliveira Camila Rosa, Keske-Soares Márcia
Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
Faculdade Meridional - IMED, Passo Fundo, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2017 Apr 14;60(4):759-771. doi: 10.1044/2016_JSLHR-S-15-0208.
We sought to provide valid and reliable data on the acquisition of consonant sounds in speakers of Brazilian Portuguese.
The sample comprised 733 typically developing monolingual speakers of Brazilian Portuguese (ages 3;0-8;11 [years;months]). The presence of surface speech error patterns, the revised percentage consonants correct, and the age of sound acquisition were evaluated using phonological assessment software. The normative values for these variables were reported using means and standard deviations.
Age had a significant impact on phoneme production. Increasing age was generally associated with an increase in correct phoneme production, a reduction in error patterns, and an increase in scores on revised percentage consonants correct. Phonological error patterns persisted for a longer time in consonants and consonant clusters acquired later in development. The 2 youngest age groups differed from the remainder of the sample on the frequency of the following phonological patterns: cluster reduction, liquid gliding, fricative deletion-coda, and weak-syllable deletion. Performance was similar between groups starting at 5;0 years old.
This study confirmed that nasal and stop consonants are acquired first, followed by fricatives and, finally, liquids. We suggest that future studies replicate our investigation in larger samples and younger age groups.
我们试图提供关于巴西葡萄牙语使用者辅音习得的有效且可靠的数据。
样本包括733名发育正常的巴西葡萄牙语单语使用者（年龄3;0 - 8;11[岁;月]）。使用语音评估软件评估表层语音错误模式的存在情况、修正后的辅音正确率以及语音习得年龄。这些变量的常模值通过均值和标准差报告。
年龄对音素产出有显著影响。年龄增长通常与正确音素产出的增加、错误模式的减少以及修正后的辅音正确率得分的增加相关。语音错误模式在发育后期习得的辅音和辅音群中持续的时间更长。在以下语音模式的频率方面，两个最年幼的年龄组与样本的其余部分不同：辅音群简化、流音滑音、擦音删除 - 韵尾以及弱音节删除。从5;0岁开始，各年龄组的表现相似。
本研究证实鼻音和塞音最先习得，其次是擦音，最后是流音。我们建议未来的研究在更大样本和更年幼的年龄组中重复我们的调查。
