Department of Anthropology, Program in Human Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America.
PLoS One. 2011 Feb 14;6(2):e14685. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014685.
Several components of dairy products have been linked to earlier menarche.
METHODS/FINDINGS: This study assessed whether positive associations exist between childhood milk consumption and age at menarche or the likelihood of early menarche (<12 yrs) in a U.S sample. Data derive from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2004. Two samples were utilized: 2657 women age 20-49 yrs and 1008 girls age 9-12 yrs. In regression analysis, a weak negative relationship was found between frequency of milk consumption at 5-12 yrs and age at menarche (daily milk intake β = -0.32, P<0.10; "sometimes/variable milk intake" β = -0.38, P<0.06, each compared to intake rarely/never). Cox regression yielded no greater risk of early menarche among those who drank milk "sometimes/varied" or daily vs. never/rarely (HR: 1.20, P<0.42, HR: 1.25, P<0.23, respectively). Among the 9-12 yr olds, Cox regression indicated that neither total dairy kcal, calcium and protein, nor daily milk intake in the past 30 days contributed to early menarche. Girls in the middle tertile of milk intake had a marginally lower risk of early menarche than those in the highest tertile (HR: 0.6, P<0.06). Those in the lowest tertiles of dairy fat intake had a greater risk of early menarche than those in the highest (HR: 1.5, P<0.05, HR: 1.6, P<0.07, lowest and middle tertile, respectively), while those with the lowest calcium intake had a lower risk of early menarche (HR: 0.6, P<0.05) than those in the highest tertile. These relationships remained after adjusting for overweight or overweight and height percentile; both increased the risk of earlier menarche. Blacks were more likely than Whites to reach menarche early (HR: 1.7, P<0.03), but not after controlling for overweight.
There is some evidence that greater milk intake is associated with an increased risk of early menarche, or a lower age at menarche.
乳制品的几个成分与初潮提前有关。
方法/发现：本研究在美国样本中评估了儿童时期牛奶摄入与初潮年龄或初潮提前（<12 岁）的可能性之间是否存在正相关关系。数据来自 1999-2004 年的全国健康和营养检查调查（NHANES）。利用了两个样本：2657 名 20-49 岁的女性和 1008 名 9-12 岁的女孩。在回归分析中，5-12 岁时牛奶消费频率与初潮年龄之间存在微弱的负相关关系（每日牛奶摄入量β=-0.32，P<0.10；“有时/可变牛奶摄入量”β=-0.38，P<0.06，与摄入很少/从不相比）。Cox 回归分析显示，与从不/很少饮用牛奶相比，“有时/多变”或每天饮用牛奶的人发生初潮提前的风险没有增加（HR：1.20，P<0.42，HR：1.25，P<0.23）。在 9-12 岁的儿童中，Cox 回归分析表明，过去 30 天内的总乳制品卡路里、钙和蛋白质或每日牛奶摄入量都不会导致初潮提前。牛奶摄入量处于中间三分之一的女孩比最高三分之一的女孩初潮提前的风险略低（HR：0.6，P<0.06）。乳制品脂肪摄入量最低和中间三分之一的女孩比最高三分之一的女孩初潮提前的风险更高（HR：1.5，P<0.05，HR：1.6，P<0.07），而钙摄入量最低的女孩初潮提前的风险较低（HR：0.6，P<0.05）比最高三分之一。这些关系在调整超重或超重和身高百分位后仍然存在；两者都增加了初潮提前的风险。黑人比白人更早达到初潮（HR：1.7，P<0.03），但在控制超重后则不然。
有一些证据表明，摄入更多的牛奶与初潮提前或初潮年龄较早有关。
