Charite Medical School Berlin - Microbiology and Hygiene, Berlin, Germany.
Immunol Rev. 2011 Mar;240(1):269-85. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-065X.2010.00992.x.
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite. Following oral infection the parasite crosses the intestinal epithelial barrier to disseminate throughout the body and establish latent infection in central nervous tissues. The clinical presentation ranges from asymptomatic to severe neurological disorders in immunocompromised individuals. Since the clinical presentation is diverse and depends, among other factors, on the immune status of the host, in the present review, we introduce parasitological, epidemiological, clinical, and molecular biological aspects of infection with T. gondii to set the stage for an in-depth discussion of host immune responses. Since immune responses in humans have not been investigated in detail the present review is exclusively referring to immune responses in experimental models of infection. Systemic and local immune responses in different models of infection are discussed, and a separate chapter introduces commonly used animal models of infection.
刚地弓形虫是一种专性细胞内寄生虫。经口感染后，寄生虫穿过肠道上皮屏障，在全身扩散，并在中枢神经系统中建立潜伏感染。临床表现从无症状到免疫功能低下个体的严重神经障碍不等。由于临床表现多种多样，并且取决于宿主的免疫状态等因素，在本综述中，我们介绍了弓形虫感染的寄生虫学、流行病学、临床和分子生物学方面的内容，为深入讨论宿主免疫反应奠定了基础。由于人类的免疫反应尚未详细研究，本综述仅指感染实验模型中的免疫反应。讨论了不同感染模型中的全身和局部免疫反应，并单独一章介绍了常用的感染动物模型。
