Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department Food Safety, Berlin, Germany.
Mol Nutr Food Res. 2011 Apr;55(4):509-21. doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201000550. Epub 2011 Feb 23.
Fatty acid esters of 3-chloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) and glycidol are a newly identified class of food process contaminants. They are widespread in refined vegetable oils and fats and have been detected in vegetable fat-containing products, including infant formulas. There are no toxicological data available yet on the 3-MCPD and glycidol esters, and the primary toxicological concern is based on the potential release of 3-MCPD or glycidol from the parent esters by lipase-catalyzed hydrolysis in the gastrointestinal tract. Although 3-MCPD is assessed as a nongenotoxic carcinogen with a tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 2 μg/kg body weight (bw), glycidol is a known genotoxic carcinogen, which induces tumors in numerous organs of rodents. The initial exposure estimates, conducted by Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) under the assumption that 100% of the 3-MPCD and glycidol are released from their esters, revealed especially that infants being fed commercial infant formula could ingest harmful amounts of 3-MCPD and glycidol. However, the real oral bioavailability may be lower. As this gives rise for toxicological concern, the currently available toxicological data of 3-MCPD and glycidol and their esters are summarized in this review and discussed with regard to data gaps and further research needs.
3-氯-1,2-丙二醇脂肪酸酯（3-MCPD）和缩水甘油酯是新发现的一类食品加工污染物。它们广泛存在于精炼植物油和脂肪中，并已在含有植物脂肪的产品中被检测到，包括婴儿配方奶粉。目前尚无关于 3-MCPD 和缩水甘油酯的毒理学数据，主要的毒理学关注是基于脂肪酶催化水解在胃肠道中从母体酯释放 3-MCPD 或缩水甘油的潜在可能性。虽然 3-MCPD 被评估为一种非遗传毒性致癌物质，每日允许摄入量（TDI）为 2μg/kg 体重（bw），但缩水甘油是一种已知的遗传毒性致癌物质，它会在啮齿动物的许多器官中引发肿瘤。联邦风险评估研究所（BfR）在假设 3-MPCD 和缩水甘油 100%从其酯类中释放出来的情况下进行的初步暴露评估显示，食用商业婴儿配方奶粉的婴儿可能会摄入有害数量的 3-MCPD 和缩水甘油。然而，实际的口服生物利用度可能更低。由于这引起了毒理学关注，本综述总结了目前可获得的 3-MCPD 和缩水甘油及其酯类的毒理学数据，并就数据缺口和进一步的研究需求进行了讨论。
