School of Natural Sciences, University of California, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA 95343, USA.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2011 May;59(2):425-37. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2011.02.014. Epub 2011 Feb 23.
Phylogenetic relationships among higher clades of pulmonate gastropods are reconstructed based on a data set including one nuclear marker (complete ribosomal 18S) and two mitochondrial markers (partial ribosomal 16S and Cytochrome oxidase I) for a total of 96 species. Sequences for 66 of these species are new to science, with a special emphasis on sampling the Ellobiidae, Onchidiidae, and Veronicellidae. Important results include the monophyly of Systellommatophora (Onchidiidae and Veronicellidae) as well as the monophyly of Ellobiidae (including Trimusculus, Otina, and Smeagol). Relationships within Ellobiidae, Onchidiidae, and Veronicellidae are evaluated here for the first time using molecular data. Present results are compared with those from the recent literature, and the current knowledge of phylogenetic relationships among pulmonate gastropods is reviewed: despite many efforts, deep nodes are still uncertain. Identification uncertainties about early fossils of pulmonates are reviewed. Impacts of those phylogenetic and fossil record uncertainties on our understanding of the macro-evolutionary history of pulmonates, especially transitions between aquatic and terrestrial habitats, are discussed.
基于包含一个核标记（完整核糖体 18S）和两个线粒体标记（核糖体 16S 部分和细胞色素氧化酶 I）的数据集，重建了肺螺类高等类群的系统发育关系，共有 96 个物种。其中 66 个物种的序列是新的科学发现，特别强调了对 Ellobiidae、Onchidiidae 和 Veronicellidae 的采样。重要的结果包括 Systellommatophora（Onchidiidae 和 Veronicellidae）的单系性以及 Ellobiidae（包括 Trimusculus、Otina 和 Smeagol）的单系性。在这里，首次使用分子数据评估了 Ellobiidae、Onchidiidae 和 Veronicellidae 内部的关系。目前的结果与最近文献中的结果进行了比较，并回顾了肺螺类动物系统发育关系的现有知识：尽管付出了很多努力，但深层节点仍然不确定。还审查了对肺螺类早期化石的鉴定不确定性。讨论了这些系统发育和化石记录不确定性对我们理解肺螺类宏观进化历史的影响，特别是水生和陆地栖息地之间的过渡。
