Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Sognsveien 220, PB 4014 Ullevaal Stadion, 0806, Oslo, Norway.
Br J Sports Med. 2011 Apr;45(4):304-9. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2010.082321. Epub 2011 Feb 25.
Articular cartilage defects in the knee of young or active individuals remain a problem in orthopaedic practice. These defects have limited ability to heal and may progress to osteoarthritis. The prevalence of knee osteoarthritis among athletes is higher than in the non-athletic population. The clinical symptoms of osteoarthritis are joint pain, limitation of range of motion and joint stiffness. The diagnosis of osteoarthritis is confirmed by the symptoms and the radiological findings (narrowing joint space, osteophyte formation and subchondral sclerosis). There is no strong correlation between symptoms and radiographic findings. The aetiology of knee osteoarthritis is multifactorial. Excessive musculoskeletal loading (at work or in sports), high body mass index, previous knee injury, female gender and muscle weakness are well-known risk factors. The high-level athlete with a major knee injury has a high incidence of knee osteoarthritis. Cartilage injuries are frequently observed in young and middle-aged active athletes. Often this injury precedes osteoarthritis. Reducing risk factors can decrease the prevalence of knee osteoarthritis. The prevention of knee injury, especially anterior cruciate ligament and meniscus injury in sports, is important to avoid progression of knee osteoarthritis.
膝关节的关节软骨缺损在骨科实践中仍然是一个问题。这些缺陷的愈合能力有限，可能会进展为骨关节炎。运动员膝关节骨关节炎的患病率高于非运动员人群。骨关节炎的临床症状是关节疼痛、运动范围受限和关节僵硬。骨关节炎的诊断通过症状和影像学发现（关节间隙变窄、骨赘形成和软骨下硬化）来确认。症状和影像学发现之间没有很强的相关性。膝关节骨关节炎的病因是多因素的。过度的肌肉骨骼负荷（在工作或运动中）、高身体质量指数、先前的膝关节损伤、女性性别和肌肉无力是众所周知的危险因素。有重大膝关节损伤的高水平运动员膝关节骨关节炎的发病率很高。软骨损伤在年轻和中年活跃的运动员中经常观察到。这种损伤常常先于骨关节炎。降低风险因素可以降低膝关节骨关节炎的患病率。预防膝关节损伤，特别是运动中的前交叉韧带和半月板损伤，对于避免膝关节骨关节炎的进展很重要。
