Division of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 7 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117574, Republic of Singapore.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2011 Apr;90(2):427-43. doi: 10.1007/s00253-010-3037-x. Epub 2011 Mar 1.
Due to their low cytotoxicity, controllable size, and unique architecture, cyclodextrin (CD)-based polyrotaxanes and polypseudorotaxanes have inspired interesting exploitation as novel biomaterials. This review will update the recent progress in the studies on the structures of polyrotaxanes and polypseudorotaxanes based on different CDs and polymers, followed by summarizing their potential applications in life science and biotechnology, such as drug delivery, gene delivery, and tissue engineering. CD-based biodegradable polypseudorotaxane hydrogels could be used as promising injectable drug delivery systems for sustained and controlled drug release. Polyrotaxanes with drug or ligand-conjugated CDs threaded on polymer chain with biodegradable end group could be useful for controlled and multivalent targeting delivery. Cationic polyrotaxanes consisting of multiple oligoethylenimine-grafted CDs threaded on a block copolymer chain were attractive non-viral gene carries due to the strong DNA-binding ability, low cytotoxicity, and high gene transfection efficiency. Cytocleavable end caps were also introduced in the polyrotaxane systems in order to ensure efficient endosomal escape for intracellular trafficking of DNA. Finally, hydrolyzable polyrotaxane hydrogels with cross-linked α-CDs could be a desirable scaffold for cartilage and bone tissue engineering.
由于其低细胞毒性、可控的尺寸和独特的结构，基于环糊精（CD）的聚轮烷和聚伪轮烷已被激发作为新型生物材料进行有趣的开发。本文将综述不同 CD 和聚合物基聚轮烷和聚伪轮烷结构的最新研究进展，然后总结它们在生命科学和生物技术中的潜在应用，如药物传递、基因传递和组织工程。基于 CD 的可生物降解聚伪轮烷水凝胶可用作有前途的可注射药物传递系统，用于持续和控制药物释放。具有药物或配体修饰的 CD 键合在具有可生物降解端基的聚合物链上的聚轮烷可用于控制和多价靶向传递。由多个接枝有聚乙二基亚胺的 CD 键合在嵌段共聚物链上的阳离子聚轮烷由于具有强 DNA 结合能力、低细胞毒性和高基因转染效率而成为有吸引力的非病毒基因载体。为了确保 DNA 的细胞内运输有效的内涵体逃逸，还在聚轮烷系统中引入了可切割的末端帽。最后，具有交联α-CD 的可水解聚轮烷水凝胶可用作软骨和骨组织工程的理想支架。
