Veselinović Dragan, Krasić Dragan, Stefanović Ivan, Veselinović Aleksandar, Radovanović Zoran, Kostić Aleksandar, Cvetanović Marija
Ophthalmology Hospital, Clinical Centre, Nis, Serbia.
Srp Arh Celok Lek. 2010 Nov-Dec;138(11-12):755-9. doi: 10.2298/sarh1012755v.
Dermoid and epidermoid cysts of the orbit belong to choristomas, tumours that originate from the aberrant primordial tissue. Clinically, they manifest as cystic movable formations mostly localized in the upper temporal quadrant of the orbit. They are described as both superficial and deep formations with most frequently slow intermittent growth. Apart from aesthetic effects, during their growth, dermoid and epidermoid cysts can cause disturbances in the eye motility, and in rare cases, also an optical nerve compression syndrome.
In this paper, we described a child with a congenital orbital dermoid cyst localized in the upper-nasal quadrant that was showing signs of a gradual enlargement and progression. The computerized tomography revealed a cyst of 1.5-2.0 cm in size. At the Maxillofacial Surgery Hospital in Nis, the dermoid cyst was extirpated in toto after orbitotomy performed by superciliary approach. Postoperative course was uneventful, without inflammation signs, and after two weeks excellent functional and aesthetic effects were achieved.
Before the decision to treat the dermoid and epidermoid cysts operatively, a detailed diagnostic procedure was necessary to be done in order to locate the cyst precisely and determine its size and possible propagation into the surrounding periorbital structures. Apart from cosmetic indications, operative procedures are recommended in the case of cysts with constant progressions, which cause the pressure to the eye lobe, lead to motility disturbances and indirectly compress the optical nerve and branches of the cranial nerves III, IV and VI.
眼眶皮样囊肿和表皮样囊肿属于迷离瘤，即起源于异常原始组织的肿瘤。临床上，它们表现为囊性可移动肿物，大多位于眼眶颞上象限。它们被描述为浅表和深部肿物，生长大多缓慢且呈间歇性。除了美观影响外，皮样囊肿和表皮样囊肿在生长过程中可导致眼球运动障碍，在罕见情况下还可导致视神经压迫综合征。
在本文中，我们描述了一名患有先天性眼眶皮样囊肿的儿童，该囊肿位于鼻上象限，有逐渐增大和进展的迹象。计算机断层扫描显示囊肿大小为1.5 - 2.0厘米。在尼什颌面外科医院，通过眉上入路行眼眶切开术后，将皮样囊肿完整切除。术后过程顺利，无炎症迹象，两周后获得了良好的功能和美观效果。
在决定对皮样囊肿和表皮样囊肿进行手术治疗之前，必须进行详细的诊断程序，以便精确确定囊肿位置，确定其大小以及可能向眶周周围结构的蔓延情况。除了美容指征外，对于持续进展、对眼球造成压迫、导致运动障碍并间接压迫视神经以及颅神经III、IV和VI分支的囊肿，建议进行手术治疗。
