Department of Psychology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.
Pharmacotherapy. 2011 Mar;31(3):262-72. doi: 10.1592/phco.31.3.262.
To identify patterns of misuse and diversion of anxiolytic and sedative drugs among a sample of adults prescribed these drugs.
Cross-sectional study.
University research center in Canada.
Sixty-seven adults (aged 19-61 yrs) who had current prescriptions for anxiolytic or sedative drugs.
Face-to-face interviews and questionnaires were used to gather information on demographics as well as variables relating to drug misuse and diversion such as personality dimensions, psychiatric symptoms, and other substance use.
Of the 67 participants, 36 (54%) reported misusing their drugs on at least one occasion, and 35 (52%) reported diverting their drugs at least once. A variety of forms of anxiolytic or sedative misuse were reported, including exceeding the recommended dosage (28 participants [42%]), deliberately using the drug with alcohol or another drug (27 [40%]), or taking it by an alternate route of administration (5 [7%]). Misuse and diversion were associated with a history of substance use and substance-related problems, as well as personality characteristics relating to impulsivity and hopelessness. Diversion was also associated with an increased likelihood of having taken any psychoactive prescription drug without having a valid prescription for it.
A variety of forms of drug misuse and diversion occurred among this population of adults who were prescribed anxiolytics or sedatives. Likelihood of engaging in misuse or diversion was associated with other substance use, substance use disorders, and personality characteristics. Despite the modest sample size and cross-sectional design, this study identified substantial heterogeneity in prescription anxiolytic and sedative misuse, suggesting that the use of clearly defined operational criteria will be essential in future efforts to further characterize this phenomenon.
在一个接受这些药物处方的成年人样本中，确定焦虑症和镇静剂药物滥用和转移的模式。
横断面研究。
加拿大大学研究中心。
67 名（年龄 19-61 岁）目前有开处方的焦虑症或镇静剂药物的成年人。
面对面访谈和问卷调查用于收集人口统计学信息以及与药物滥用和转移相关的变量，如人格维度、精神症状和其他物质使用。
在 67 名参与者中，36 名（54%）报告至少一次滥用他们的药物，35 名（52%）报告至少一次转移他们的药物。报告了各种形式的焦虑症或镇静剂滥用，包括超过推荐剂量（28 名参与者[42%]）、故意与酒精或其他药物一起使用药物（27 名[40%]）或通过其他给药途径使用药物（5 名[7%]）。滥用和转移与物质使用和物质相关问题的病史以及与冲动性和绝望感相关的人格特征有关。转移也与更有可能在没有有效处方的情况下服用任何精神活性处方药物有关。
在接受抗焦虑药或镇静剂处方的这一成年人人群中，发生了各种形式的药物滥用和转移。滥用或转移的可能性与其他物质使用、物质使用障碍和人格特征有关。尽管样本量较小且采用横断面设计，但本研究确定了处方抗焦虑和镇静剂滥用的实质性异质性，这表明使用明确定义的操作标准对于未来进一步描述这一现象的努力将至关重要。
